References pp. 123-136.

This report summarizes the findings of the Uganda Sustainable Land Management Public Expenditure Review (SLM PER). The SLM PER was undertaken to achieve six main objectives: (i) establish a robust data base on SLM-related public expenditure that can support credible empirical analysis; (ii) develop a sound methodology for conducting SLM PERs, which could guide similar work in the future; (iii) analyze the level and composition of SLM spending in the recent past; (iv) identify potential entry points for public support based on the concept of development pathways; (v) understand the institutional arrangements for coordination on SLM issues; and (vi) draw policy recommendations for the land use sector. Overall the SLM PER aims at informing the current policy dialogue with and within Uganda and thereby contributing to the development of a common national strategy for the efficient and effective scale-up of SLM interventions. The review is expected to provide important input to: (i) the on-going Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) process, including the SLM Country Strategic Investment Framework (CSIF); and (ii) the Ugandan SLM Country Program that will be supported by the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) through TerrAfrica. Uganda is preparing a CSIF with the goal of establishing a country-led operational roadmap for developing a sequenced program of SLM interventions. The PER is among the recommended diagnostic tools for CSlF preparation and SLM awareness building. In general, this analytical work complements the on-going Agriculture PER in Uganda.

Land degradation is a serious economic and environmental threat contributing to declining agricultural productivity, poverty and food insecurity. The extent and rate to which land degradation occurs is of growing concern, particularly in developing countries. Why do poor farm households deplete their soils? This case study of Uganda provides a better understanding of farm household economics in the context of sustainability issues. A bio-economic model has been developed to run scenarios of high relevance for the current reform process in the agricultural sector. Economic and ecological impacts of the adoption of new land management practices are explored. Finally, policy conclusions and implications are derived which can contribute substantially to the current policy debate.

Land is the integrating component of all livelihoods depending on farm, forest, rangeland, or water (rivers, lakes, coastal marine) habitats. Due to varying political, social, and economic factors, the heavy use of natural resources to supply a rapidly growing global population and economy has resulted in the unintended mismanagement and degradation of land and ecosystems. 'Sustainable Land Management' provides strategic focus to the implementation of sustainable land management (SLM) components of the World Bank's development strategies. SLM is a knowledge-based procedure that integrates land, water, biodiversity, and environmental management to meet rising food and fiber demands while sustaining livelihoods and the environment. This book, aimed at policy makers, project managers, and development organization, articulates priorities for investment in SLM and natural resource management and identifies the policy, institutional, and incentive reform options that will accelerate the adoption of SLM productivity improvements and pro-poor growth.