This is an alphabetized index of the Pembina Chippewa Band Annuity Payments and Turtle Mountain Chippewa Band Censuses between the years 1865-1892. An Example: Azure, Antoine (No.2) (Tu Shish) Tu Shish Azzure (x), 1 man, 1 woman, 2 children, 4 total, $8.50 a share, $34.00 paid. (1871 TM annuity) #51-58; Antoine Azure (No. 2), father, 65; Victoria, wife, 63; Justine, daughter, 18; Andre, son, 16; Gabriel, son, 13; Alexandre, son, 10; Christine, daughter, 7; Cecilia, daughter, 22. (1887-TMC) #47-51; Antoine Azure No. 2, father, 70; Victoria, wife, 65; Andre, son, 17; Gabriel, son, 15; Alexandre, son, 10. (1888-TMC) #74-77; Antoine Azure No.2, male, father, 70; Andre, male, son, 18; Gabriel, male, son, 16; Alexander, male, son, 13. (1889-TMC) #72-74; Antoine Azure No. 2, male, father, 66; Gabriel, male, son, 17; Alex, male, son, 13. (1890-TMC) Family 12; #52-55; Antoini Azure, No. 2, male, father, 68, mixed bloods on reservation; Gabriel, male, son, 16; Alexander, male, son, 17; Virginie, female, grand daughter, 16. (1892-TMC)

When the cultural identity of the Turtle Mountain Band of Pembina Chippewa was challenged by European Americans--who conceived of progress in terms of cultivated farmland--a tribal-federal conundrum occurred. Historian John M. Shaw untangles the culturally and legally contested concepts of land and its uses and ownership, providing a dynamic legal genesis of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa and their intentional action for change. Shaw presents a crucial analysis of federal policy and Native American resistance.