In recent years, Türkiye's foreign policy has been driven by efforts to reset relations with regional competitors in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Against a backdrop of disruption caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as the redefinition of the US role in the region, Ankara's renewed diplomatic activism has been guided by the willingness to break from regional isolation, as well as the need to relieve Türkiye's deteriorating economy. How did Türkiye ditch its ideological approach in the wake of the 2011 Arab uprisings to adopt a more pragmatic stance? And how is the process of rapprochement with other key actors in the MENA region playing out – namely Gulf monarchies, Israel and Egypt?

This book is focused on an overview of Türkiye’s increased engagement with Africa particularly West Africa in recent years. It analyses this relationship by applying some concepts like soft power - the influences of its instruments - in international politics. Shortly, it examines this engagement, focusing on Türkiye-Africa relations, especially since ‘The 1998 Opening Action Plan’ relative to the enhancement of cooperation in the political, economic, and cultural fields. The book tries to answer the main questions of why Türkiye has so much engagement and a very fast opening toward Africa, especially in West Africa, and how the interaction is conducted. The book focuses on the cases Türkiye and Senegal, Ivory Coast, Niger, and Guinea-Bissau, examining the cooperation between Türkiye and these countries. It explores the aspects and interests of this cooperation through three variables: Political and diplomatic issues, economic and trade issues, and cultural issues all centered on three major theoretical frameworks (public diplomacy, economic diplomacy, and cultural diplomacy). CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1. TÜRKİYE AND THE WESTERN AFRICAN ZONE CHAPTER 2. DATA AND METHODS CHAPTER 3. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF TÜRKİYE-AFRICA COOPERATION: WEST AFRICA CHAPTER 4. COOPERATION STRATEGIES AND ORIENTATION OF THE FOREIGN POLICY CHAPTER 5. THE FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH CONCLUSION, EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Welcome to a special issue brought to you by the exceptional staff of the World Bank Türkiye! It is both a pleasure and an honor to showcase their insights in TPQ. In "Addressing Climate Change in Türkiye: An Opportunity For A More Sustainable and Resilient Future," we delve into the pivotal role of green finance in Türkiye's journey towards sustainability. This issue explores how the intersection of resilience and decarbonization is shaping Türkiye's future. As we navigate these crucial themes, we invite you to explore the strategies and innovations that promise a resilient, green Türkiye. We hope to have the World Bank's insighftful contributions on such important matters to continue in the future years as well. We invite you to delve deeper into the various facets of this special edition of TPQ, titled 'Addressing Climate Change in Türkiye: An Opportunity For A More Sustainable and Resilient Future.'

This book explores Turkish military innovation since the Cold War. The major questions addressed are how Türkiye has been able to innovate, the production of new weapon systems, its philosophical background, how the country overcame bureaucratic and economic obstacles, and how these innovations resonated in military doctrine and organization. Focusing on two main defense industry projects that trigger an overall change in the military doctrine and organization, the text examines the innovative inclinations of the Turkish military realm and reveals the societal, economic and political consequences of military innovation. This book fills a gap in the literature by providing an interdisciplinary and comprehensive overview of Turkish military innovation. Contributors include those involved in and affected by the military innovation process, as well as scholars who monitor the process using primary sources. Military Innovation in Türkiye will appeal to academics, politicians and military professionals interested in understanding the evolution of the Turkish military.

This book provides a critical examination of the problem of underage marriage in Türkiye through a sociological perspective considering gender perceptions, cultural norms, and historical and political contexts. The author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the problem by focusing on the lived experiences and narratives of women who married before the age of 18. Face-to-face, in-depth, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 women who married at a child age to identify the causes and consequences of the marriage of underage girls and to explore how these women perceive both their own identities and the broader issue of child marriage. Employing critical discourse analysis, the author scrutinizes these interviews through the theoretical lenses of gender, identity, and ideology, all while remaining attuned to feminist perspectives. These combined methodologies allow the author to reveal the hidden dimensions of the problem, examining the feelings, stories, behaviours, and beliefs of real women who have married as children. Finally, constructive solutions are proposed for the elimination of the child marriage problem, not only in Türkiye, but in countries across the world. The book will interest those working and studying in an array of fields, including sociology, gender studies, and Turkish culture and society, as well as anyone with a general interest in the problem of underage marriage.

This Digital Government Review of Türkiye explores how the Government of Türkiye can use digital technology and data to help the public sector become more responsive, resilient and proactive. It evaluates the efforts made so far by Türkiye in achieving digital government maturity by looking at governance, institutional capacities, digital skills, public service design and delivery, enabling building blocks and the strategic management and use of data.

structure, it is located within the 3rd Geological Period young fold zone. With its geographical location, Turkey is located in the Central Climate Zone, with mostly the southern parts located in the warmer half of this zone. These features have gifted our country with many natural beauties. Turkey is located in the Civilization Center of the World. For thousands of years, a wide variety of civilizations have been established and developed at the crossroads of roads from North to South, East to West. This book is a brief introduction of Türkiye's Natural and Cultural Heritage.