Turkey is committing crimes against humanity across a region spanning Asia, the Middle East and Africa. This book is the first to explain the machinations that the country’s leader, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has put in motion in his rise to power from leading the Muslim Brotherhood’s Istanbul branch to President. The atrocities being committed are ongoing and continue against a backdrop of global condemnations of the dismal security situation and violence that exists within areas controlled by Turkish forces. The book highlights the long-simmering conflict between Turkey and its Kurdish minority, which has spread further afield and resulted in the targeting of the Kurdistan Workers’ Party in Iraq even as popular discontent grows against the Erdogan regime at home and abroad. Erdogan’s murky political and military-strategic agenda is further exacerbated by Turkey’s fomentation of ISIS and deployment of the terrorist group’s militants. This book describes how Turkish intelligence operatives smuggled ISIS militias into Libya and Azerbaijan, who then carried out heinous war crimes with the intent to destabilize the region. Moreover, the desperate situation of Syrian refugees has been exploited by the Turkish administration, which has hijacked their plight in a cynical manoeuvre to exert political pressure on Europe while also routing refugees into Kurdish territory, dubbing it a “safe zone”. The Muslim world does not know enough about Erdogan’s dangerous authoritarian leadership and its grave consequences. This book aims to change that by revealing the continuity between Pan Islamism, Turkish Islamisation, and Erdogan’s proxy militias, and how those interrelationships have led to war crimes against Kurdish people in Iraq and Syria.

Drawn into a conflict in a country far away from An Arath, our adventurers battle against humans in the service of evil. Strong allies are found… but will they remain victorious when deadlier supernatural enemies are discovered? Will victories on new battlefields prove decisive, or are the conflicts merely a distraction, hiding a greater plan? Discover a world ruled by sorceresses and join them in their struggle to make the world a better place. Who'll ultimately decide the fate of the world—and what will that future look like?

The strategic relationship between the United States and Turkey is over. While Turkey remains formally a NATO ally, it is not a partner of the United States. The United States should not be reluctant to oppose Turkey directly when Ankara undermines U.S. policy.

Surrogate Warfare explores the emerging phenomenon of “surrogate warfare” in twenty-first century conflict. The popular notion of war is that it is fought en masse by the people of one side versus the other. But the reality today is that both state and non-state actors are increasingly looking to shift the burdens of war to surrogates. Surrogate warfare describes a patron's outsourcing of the strategic, operational, or tactical burdens of warfare, in whole or in part, to human and/or technological substitutes in order to minimize the costs of war. This phenomenon ranges from arming rebel groups, to the use of armed drones, to cyber propaganda. Krieg and Rickli bring old, related practices such as war by mercenary or proxy under this new overarching concept. Apart from analyzing the underlying sociopolitical drivers that trigger patrons to substitute or supplement military action, this book looks at the intrinsic trade-offs between substitutions and control that shapes the relationship between patron and surrogate. Surrogate Warfare will be essential reading for anyone studying contemporary conflict.

Understanding Contemporary Strategy provides an accessible and comprehensive introduction to the theory and practice of modern strategy. Covering all the main issues in the field, the book explores the major themes through a combination of classical and modern strategic theory, history and current practice. The book is split into three main sections: Definition and Context : including discussion of the human, technological, intelligence, ethical and grand-strategic dimensions Strategy in the Geographic Environments: land, sea, air and space Contemporary Strategic Challenges: terrorism, insurgency and nuclear strategy. Each chapter presents the reader with a succinct summary of the topic, but also provides a challenging analysis of current issues, supporting students with pedagogical features such as suggested further reading, boxed case studies and study questions. This book will be essential reading for upper-level students of strategic studies, war studies, military history and international security.

This edited collection aims to analytically reconceptualise the Syrian crisis by examining how and why the country has moved from a stable to a war-torn society. It is written by scholars from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds, all of whom make no attempt to speculate on the future trajectory of the conflict, but aim instead to examine the historical background that has laid the objective conditions for Syria’s descent to its current situation. Their work represents an attempt to dissect the multi-layered foundation of the Syrian conflict and to make understanding its complex inner workings accessible to a broader readership. The book is divided into four parts, each of which elaborates on the origins and dynamics of today’s crisis from the perspective of a different discipline. When put together, the four parts provide a holistic picture of Syria’s developmental trajectory from the early twentieth century through to the present day. Themes addressed include Syria’s postcolonial development efforts, its leap into socialism and then into neoliberalism in the late twentieth century, its politics within the resistance front, and finally its food and health security concerns.