Transparency in government operations is widely regarded as an important precondition for macroeconomic fiscal sustainability, good governance, and overall fiscal rectitude. Notably, the Interim Committee, at its April and September 1996 meetings, stressed the need for greater fiscal transparency. Prompted by these concerns, this paper represents a first attempt to address many of the aspects of transparency in government operations. It provides an overview of major issues in fiscal transparency and examines the IMF's role in promoting transparency in government operations.

Policymakers and program managers are continually seeking ways to improve accountability in achieving an entity's mission. A key factor in improving accountability in achieving an entity's mission is to implement an effective internal control system. An effective internal control system helps an entity adapt to shifting environments, evolving demands, changing risks, and new priorities. As programs change and entities strive to improve operational processes and implement new technology, management continually evaluates its internal control system so that it is effective and updated when necessary. Section 3512 (c) and (d) of Title 31 of the United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)) requires the Comptroller General to issue standards for internal control in the federal government.

Since the enactment of key financial mgmt. (FM) reforms, the fed. gov¿t. has devoted significant resources to improving FM activities and practices. Yet continuing attention is needed to address persistent, long-standing accountability problems and to redefine success for fed. FM. Many gov¿t. agency FM systems do not produce the accurate, timely, and meaningful info. needed for mgmt. decision making. This forum brought together FM leaders from the fed. gov¿t., incl. the CFO, CIO, and IG communities, and other officials with extensive experience in FM from both the public and private sectors. The forum addressed: the future of fed. FM; applying lessons learned from fed. FM system implementations; and strategies for transforming fed. FM culture.

Management Information Systems provides comprehensive and integrative coverage of essential new technologies, information system applications, and their impact on business models and managerial decision-making in an exciting and interactive manner. The twelfth edition focuses on the major changes that have been made in information technology over the past two years, and includes new opening, closing, and Interactive Session cases.