This book is concerned with the classed and gendered characteristics of post-2004 migration between two non-city locales in Ireland (Newcastle West, Co. Limerick) and Poland (Tczew, pomorskie voivodeship). It documents and analyses this contemporary migration wave as a sociocultural phenomenon and sheds light on the strategies developed by the participants through which they rationalise and negotiate their mobile lifestyles. Content: Introduction Chapter 1 Polish Capitalism and the Legacies of Communism and Catholicism Chapter 2 Post-2004 Polish Migration to Ireland Chapter 3 Theorising Contemporary Migration Chapter 4 Researching Contemporary Migration: Methodological Considerations Chapter 5 The Trans-local Habitus: Reproducing Rurality in Migration Chapter 6 Ordinary People Living Normal Lives: Formations of the Migrant Working Class Chapter 7 Making Migration Livable: Negotiations between Mobility and Emplacement Chapter 8 Polish Masculinities and Femininities: Constructions of Gender Identities in Migration Conclusion

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“I was born at the end of World War II, and so I was young in the ’60s. This means that I belong to the so-called (at least in Hungary) ‘great generation’. Young people of this generation, especially in America and Western Europe, rebelled against the existing system, showing their dissatisfaction by protests, new types of music and by outrageous clothes and behaviour. We – here and in the other socialist countries – experienced this, only because of the limitations of the repressive system, in a much gentler way. I have never been a rebel myself, and yet what tied me to this great generation was my desire to know the world much better, to be more informed than the average, to be a real cosmopolitan. That is why I studied languages and travelled much more than most.” “The evolution of people’s lives can be very diverse. Many people ask what makes someone successful or less successful. Genetics, education, its narrower and broader environment, circumstances, luck, etc. can all influence the evolution of an individual’s life. Success itself is subjective. Success can be material and not material, and the measurement of success always contains a kind of comparison to someone else. The concept of happiness further complicates this already very complex issue.I would say that success comes hand-in-hand with satisfaction. If people are satisfied with what they have achieved, they can claim to be successful and vice versa. Full satisfaction, of course, can be very misleading. People’s ways of life are very similar to a product’s life-cycle curve, as taught in marketing. Birth is followed by youth, then early adulthood, mature adulthood and ends with ageing.”

“Any settlers in the family?” “You don’t look Turkish at all, are you an émigré?” “Where are you originally from?” From an early age, I started hearing these questions. Either in school, during a cab ride, in the office or in my new social circles. I face these questions right after we start chatting... and this happens often. I always expect it. “Gökhan, where are you from?” I evolved: my height, my features, my voice, my gestures, the way I think, and many more but the answer to this question has never changed: “My ancestors used to live in Greece. They were there for a few generations. With the convention concerning population exchange between Turkey and Greece, my ancestors moved here permanently.” What I kept hearing on the grapevine eventually became a solid truth. I came to grasp the fact that my ancestors lived in Drama, Ptolemaida and Eleftheroupoli in Greece. All this longing to flee from my homeland and desire to get to know other places would clearly relate to a genetic interpretation. However, I still couldn’t say it all fit. "Kutluer compares and contrasts his Turkish roots, his old social surroundings to his new encounters in Bergamo and Montenegro. Starting from the relief of “getting out,” he dwells with the deep sense of nostalgia, the inevitable feeling of exile and loneliness; yet knowing that going back is not always an option and it is not the same land that one goes back to. Echoing some Turkish-German literature like Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Güney Dal, Feridun Zaimoğlu he battles the layers of integration to a new environment in reflection to his feelings of what once was a home to its aftertaste." – Elif Naz, Editor

This first volume offers comprehensive analyses on a variety of topics ranging from legal to social statute of the refugees. The authors and their contributions are as follows: Çağla Arslan Bozkuş “Legal Status of Refugees”; Özkan Gönül and Yunus Karaağaç “Social Rights of Refugees”, Hasan Acar and Serhat Bulut “The Political Rights of Refugees”; Gülayşe Ülgen Türedi “Refugees and Human Rights”; Emine Kılıçaslan “Refugee and Cultural Rights of Refugees in the Context of Political Communication”; Cenap Çakmak Clarifying the Legal Status: Distinctions between Refugees, Asylum Seekers and (Irregular) Migrants”; Mehlika Özlem Ultan “Conceptual Framework About Migration”; Akın Kiren “The History of Refugee Movements: A Brief Overview”; Hakan Sezgin Erkan “Development Assistance and Refugee Crisis”; Merve Mamacı “Refugee Well-Being in Work Life”; Saadat Demirci “Integration of Refugees into the Society”; Güneş Koç “Identity Construction of Syrian in their Narratives”; Asena Boztaş “Refugees, Integration and Political-Demographic Concerns in Turkey and the World”; Cemal Kakışım and Ozan Selçuk “Integration Policies of the European Union and Turkey towards Refugees”; and Hekma Wali “The Local Integration of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey”.

Relatively affluent individuals from various corners of the globe are increasingly choosing to migrate, spurred on by the promise of a better and more fulfilling way of life within their destination. Despite its increasing scale, migration academics have yet to consolidate and establish lifestyle migration as a subfield of theoretical enquiry, until now. This volume offers a dynamic and holistic analysis of contemporary lifestyle migrations, exploring the expectations and aspirations which inform and drive migration alongside the realities of life within the destination. It also recognizes the structural conditions (and constraints) which frame lifestyle migration, laying the groundwork for further intellectual enquiry. Through rich empirical case studies this volume addresses this important and increasingly common form of migration in a manner that will interest scholars of mobility, migration, lifestyle and culture across the social sciences.

This paper analyses the impact of large and persistent emigration from Eastern European countries over the past 25 years on these countries’ growth and income convergence to advanced Europe. While emigration has likely benefited migrants themselves, the receiving countries and the EU as a whole, its impact on sending countries’ economies has been largely negative. The analysis suggests that labor outflows, particularly of skilled workers, lowered productivity growth, pushed up wages, and slowed growth and income convergence. At the same time, while remittance inflows supported financial deepening, consumption and investment in some countries, they also reduced incentives to work and led to exchange rate appreciations, eroding competiveness. The departure of the young also added to the fiscal pressures of already aging populations in Eastern Europe. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for sending countries to mitigate the negative impact of emigration on their economies, and the EU-wide initiatives that could support these efforts.