An examination of the ways in which vocational training can be extended to small and medium-sized enterprises in the European Economic Community, this document consists of: an introduction; four parts containing multiple chapters; 10 case studies; and a bibliography. Following the introduction, which is an update of a report made in 1985, part one defines relevant terms. The three leading characteristics that differentiate small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from larger enterprises (being legally and financially independent, being run by owners, and possessing a relatively small part of the market) are discussed. The economic reality of the SMEs is explained, as well as the concept of "diffusion." Part 2 deals with the SMEs and their relations with employment, training, and information. A conclusion is reached that a local approach to the SMEs is needed, which would form the foundations of an information exchange strategy. Part 3 explains communication structures and networks. After the characteristics of communication structures are compared, five principles for action are summarized. Part 4 gives a general framework for an exchange network and six proposals for action to be taken to coordinate information, desegregate information, promote exchange, make CEDEFOP (the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training) a monitoring unit for community exchange, set up a community reference plan, and stimulate and coordinate efforts to organize an exchange network. Case studies of Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Federal Republic of Germany, and the United Kingdom follow. The document concludes with 1 English and 15 French references. (CML)

This document on Spain is one of a series of five published by the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training. The document includes five chapters, three appendices, descriptive form sheets for five distance learning projects, and a summary. Chapter 1 provides the introduction to the report. Chapter 2 describes small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and craft undertakings in Spain, vocational education and training, and distance training. Chapter 3 describes distance training for SME managers in Spain. The demand for distance training for SMEs is described in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 presents 18 conclusions, such as the lack of employer organizations and the great shortage of courses specifically designed to meet the training needs of entrepreneurs and managers. Appendix 1 provides a 13-item bibliography. Appendix 2 lists 15 individuals who were interviewed to determine the demand for distance training for SME management staff. Appendix 3 describes the Spanish government's powers in education. (CML)