By examining Jewish experiences between the American Civil War and the African American Civil Rights Revolution, this book focuses on citizens who usually spent their daily lives in Black and white “peoplehoods.” Some of the white ones, commanding the nation’s “public square,” structured a segregated republic and capitalist economy that would experience WWII and the news about the Holocaust that murdered millions of Jews. This political economy sustained a hierarchy of privatized ethnic groups whose race and religion, in their norms of “ethnicking,” was used to deprive them of legal and equal collective standing. This Was America is a book about those privatized identities that the years of the Civil Rights Revolution would bring into the republic’s public square.

"By examining experiences of Jewish Americans in the hundred years between the American Civil War and the African American Civil Rights Revolution, this book focuses on citizens of the republic, each of whom usually spent their daily lives in black and white "republican peoplehoods." In a Euro-American network of information moving freight, forced laborers, and paying passengers, some of the white ones, commanding the nation's "public square," structured a segregated republic and capitalist society lasting during WWII. Then it was that the information network brought news about the war's genocidal Final Solution, about the Holocaust that murdered millions of Jews. This political economy sustained a hierarchy of privatized ethnic groups, whose race and religion, in their norms of "ethnicking," was used to deprive them of legal and equal collective standing in the United States. "This Was America" is a book about those privatized identities that the years of the Civil Rights Revolution would bring into the public square of the nation's republic"--

A history of the United States through the Reagan administration. Includes study helps and reference material such as a copy of the Declaration of Independence and a complete annotated text of the Constitution.

Jewish law forbids carrying objects between private or public areas on the Sabbath. However, rabbinic authorities deemed carrying permissible within a physical enclosure called an eruv. This book explores the rabbinic debates surrounding the creation of such enclosures in North American cities and examines the evolution of American Orthodox communities from the late nineteenth century through the 1960s. The earliest debates reflect a community with low religious observance and weak ties to local government that relied on European rabbis for authority. By the mid-twentieth century, these rabbinic disputes reveal an established, religiously observant community forming its own traditions.

Specifically developed for students without an education background, this collection of readings provides accessible, essential articles for professors and students of introductory Foundations of Education courses.

How did architects get to be architects in any given period in history? How were they trained? How did they find their clients and communicate with them? What did society think of them?. Spiro Kostof's The Architect, a collection of essays by historians and architects, explores these and other intriguing questions about the profession of architecture. The first book in more than fifty years to survey the profession from its beginnings in ancient Egypt to the modern day, it is the most complete synthesis to date of our knowledge of how the architect's profession developed. Included are a major study of the Beaux-Arts, a vivid memoir by the distinguished architect Josephy Esherick, and an excellent chapter on women which demostrates how the ethic of professionalism has contributed to the exploitation of women in this as in many other professions. The Architect places the current dilemma about the architect's role in society in historical perspective and offers a good overview of the development of one of the world's oldest professions.