This is the first comprehensive account of the life and work of the distinguished scholar and public figure Gilbert Murray (1866-1957). Sixteen contributors survey the many spheres in which he was active, and the book opens with memoirs by two of his grandchildren.

Winner of the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for history, Kammen addresses three themes concerning the state of historical inquiry in America. Beginning with how history as a professional discipline has changed over the past century, the book treats the relationship of the historian's craft to American nationalism, the value of historical knowledge, and the shifting attitudes of historians toward society. Kammen appraises the significance of historiography as a measure of cultural change and shows how the past has been manipulated for social and ideological reasons, and how memories of the national and regional past have conflicted with the realities of historical experience. He also explains how traditional modes of interpreting the past have lost their cohesive force and why historians should pursue new approaches to the cultural history. ISBN 0-8014-1924-7: $24.95.

In a work of sweeping scope and luminous detail, Elizabeth Borgwardt describes how a cadre of World War II American planners inaugurated the ideas and institutions that underlie our modern international human rights regime. Borgwardt finds the key in the 1941 Atlantic Charter and its Anglo-American vision of "war and peace aims." In attempting to globalize what U.S. planners heralded as domestic New Deal ideas about security, the ideology of the Atlantic Charter--buttressed by FDR’s "Four Freedoms" and the legacies of World War I--redefined human rights and America’s vision for the world. Three sets of international negotiations brought the Atlantic Charter blueprint to life--Bretton Woods, the United Nations, and the Nuremberg trials. These new institutions set up mechanisms to stabilize the international economy, promote collective security, and implement new thinking about international justice. The design of these institutions served as a concrete articulation of U.S. national interests, even as they emphasized the importance of working with allies to achieve common goals. The American architects of these charters were attempting to redefine the idea of security in the international sphere. To varying degrees, these institutions and the debates surrounding them set the foundations for the world we know today. By analyzing the interaction of ideas, individuals, and institutions that transformed American foreign policy--and Americans’ view of themselves--Borgwardt illuminates the broader history of modern human rights, trade and the global economy, collective security, and international law. This book captures a lost vision of the American role in the world.

Literary critical revolutions-radical shifts in interpretation and evaluation of literary works and their authors-are among the most interesting of cultural phenomena. In order to gain greater understanding of the mechanisms of all critical revolutions, Rationalist Criticism in Greek Tragedy examines the late nineteenth-century 'rehabilitation' of Euripides. Some of the factors which contributed to the Euripidean revolution are well known, but one which is not-one which has been generally forgotten, when it has not actually been denied-is the role of Rationalist Criticism. Rationalist Criticism, founded and dominated by infamous Cambridge University Classicist and English scholar A. W. Verrall, was generally deprecated by mainstream classicists when it first appeared, and those who happen to come upon it today tend to treat it dismissively-a tendency the great classicist Eduard Fraenkel thought 'should be strongly resisted.' The influence of Rationalist Criticism-inside and outside of classical studies-has been much greater than has been generally supposed. James E. Ford makes the case for the larger significance of what Verrall and the Rationalist Critics were doing within the history not just of Euripidean criticism but of literary studies generally. Ford reads the rationalists on their own terms, drawing on the disciplines of the history of scholarship and the history and theory of literary criticism making this study unique. It should appeal to anyone interested in intellectual history, especially instances of significant intellectual changes (a la Kuhnian revolutions), and, especially, changes in the interpretation and evaluation of authors and their works. The work should be of specific interest to classicists, academic historians, and critical theorists.