Some postcolonial theorists argue that the idea of a single system of belief known as "Hinduism" is a creation of nineteenth-century British imperialists. Andrew J. Nicholson introduces another perspective: although a unified Hindu identity is not as ancient as some Hindus claim, it has its roots in innovations within South Asian philosophy from the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries. During this time, thinkers treated the philosophies of Vedanta, Samkhya, and Yoga, along with the worshippers of Visnu, Siva, and Sakti, as belonging to a single system of belief and practice. Instead of seeing such groups as separate and contradictory, they re-envisioned them as separate rivers leading to the ocean of Brahman, the ultimate reality. Drawing on the writings of philosophers from late medieval and early modern traditions, including Vijnanabhiksu, Madhava, and Madhusudana Sarasvati, Nicholson shows how influential thinkers portrayed Vedanta philosophy as the ultimate unifier of diverse belief systems. This project paved the way for the work of later Hindu reformers, such as Vivekananda, Radhakrishnan, and Gandhi, whose teachings promoted the notion that all world religions belong to a single spiritual unity. In his study, Nicholson also critiques the way in which Eurocentric concepts—like monism and dualism, idealism and realism, theism and atheism, and orthodoxy and heterodoxy—have come to dominate modern discourses on Indian philosophy.

A selection of Gandhiji s articles drawn mainly from his contributions to young india, the Harijan and the Navjivan on Hinduism. Written on different occassions, these articles present a picture of hindu dharma I all its richness, comprehensiveness and sensitivity to the existential delimmas of human existence.

The Book Is An Academic Endeavour On A Variety Of Themes Encompassing History, Society, Religions, Vedas, Upanishads And Epics. It Also Studies The Movements Led By Various Personalities Enjoying Places Of Prominence In Their Respective Fields.Besides The Major Tenets Of Different Religions, The Book Discusses More Than Thirty Philosophies Representing Various Shades Of Thought Classified Into Five Broad Categories: (I) Saddarsanas Or Six Visions, Inspired By The Vedas, Are Independent In Approach And Argument Though Not Isolated From One Another; (Ii) Sramanas (Strivers) Philosophies Emerged In The 6Th Century Bc. Their Proponents Were, By And Large, Empiricists Who Used Experience And Observation As A Source Of Knowledge; (Iii) The Modern Philosophies In Hindusim Emanated From The Movements Of Revival Of This Religion Through Reformist Organisations Like Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, And Theosophical Society, Etc.; (Iv) The Upanishadic Philosophies Mainly Revolve Around The Concepts Of Self The Individual, And Absolute God Almighty; (V) Finally, The Philosophies Of Different Religions Are Based On Faith And Practices Propounded By Their Respective Founders Or Their Successors.This Elaborate Study Is Structured In Two Volumes Each Consisting Of A Number Of Parts That Include Chapters On Different Themes. Volume I Makes A Detailed Discussion On India, Going In-Depth Into The Name, Basic Characteristics, Geography, History, Civilization, Etc. It Effectively Unveils India S Identity As A Nation Along With Its Historical Realities, Socio-Culture Features And Contribution To The World At Large In Spiritual Pursuits. Volume Ii Is A Self-Contained Comparative Study Of Hinduism And Christianity Accentuating The Doctrinal Issues Which Mark The Points Of Accord And Possible Discords In The Cordiality And Mutuality Of These Two Great Religions. Annexures Given In The End Constitute An Integral Part Of This Volume And Will Provide Useful Study-Aids To The Readers.The Book Will Be Useful To Students, Teachers, Religious Preachers, Educationists, And All Those Who Aspire To Enhance Their Knowledge On India S History, Religion And Spiritual Philosophy.

EGYPT AND INDIA (AFRICAN ORIGINS BOOK 3 PART 3) African Origins of Eastern Civilization, Religion, Yoga Mysticism and Philosophy- THis volume details the connection between Ancient Egypt and India and the development of Indian religion and shows documented evidences of the existence of the teachings that became known as Yoga, Hinduism and Buddhism existed previously in Ancient Africa. The questions of the history of Ancient Egypt, and the latest archeological evidences showing civilization and culture in Ancient Egypt and its spread to other countries, has intrigued many scholars as well as mystics over the years. Also, the possibility that Ancient Egyptian Priests and Priestesses migrated to Greece, India and other countries to carry on the traditions of the Ancient Egyptian Mysteries, has been speculated over the years as well. In chapter 1 of the book Egyptian Yoga The Philosophy of Enlightenment, 1995, I first introduced the deepest comparison between Ancient Egypt and India that had been brought forth up to that time. Now, in the year 2001 this new book, THE AFRICAN ORIGINS OF CIVILIZATION, MYSTICAL RELIGION AND YOGA PHILOSOPHY, more fully explores the motifs, symbols and philosophical correlations between Ancient Egyptian and Indian mysticism and clearly shows not only that Ancient Egypt and India were connected culturally but also spiritually. How does this knowledge help the spiritual aspirant? This discovery has great importance for the Yogis and mystics who follow the philosophy of Ancient Egypt and the mysticism of India. It means that India has a longer history and heritage than was previously understood. It shows that the mysteries of Ancient Egypt were essentially a yoga tradition which did not die but rather developed into the modern day systems of Yoga technology of India. It further shows that African culture developed Yoga Mysticism earlier than any other civilization in history. All of this expands our understanding of the unity of culture and the deep legacy of Yoga, which stretches into the distant past, beyond the Indus Valley civilization, the earliest known high culture in India as well as the Vedic tradition of Aryan culture. Therefore, Yoga culture and mysticism is the oldest known tradition of spiritual development and Indian mysticism is an extension of the Ancient Egyptian mysticism. By understanding the legacy which Ancient Egypt gave to India the mysticism of India is better understood and by comprehending the heritage of Indian Yoga, which is rooted in Ancient Egypt the Mysticism of Ancient Egypt is also better understood. This expanded understanding allows us to prove the underlying kinship of humanity, through the common symbols, motifs and philosophies which are not disparate and confusing teachings but in reality expressions of the same study of truth through metaphysics and mystical realization of Self.

What is the philosophy of religion? How can we distinguish it from theology on the one hand and the psychology/sociology of religious belief on the other? What does it mean to describe God as eternal? And should religious people want there to be good arguments for the existence of God, or is religious belief only authentic in the absence of these good arguments? In this Very Short Introduction Tim Bayne introduces the field of philosophy of religion, and engages with some of the most burning questions that philosophers discuss. Considering how religion should be defined, and whether we even need to be able to define it in order to engage in the philosophy of religion, he goes on to discuss whether the existence of God matters. Exploring the problem of evil, Bayne also debates the connection between faith and reason, and the related question of what role reason should play in religious contexts. Shedding light on the relationship between science and religion, Bayne finishes by considering the topics of reincarnation and the afterlife. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.