Population estimates indicate that by 2020 Willamette Basin's population will more than triple; thus, the need for water control and for water and related land resource development will greatly increase. Although much has been done, serious problems of control and conservation of water remain unsolved. Several major existing projects and project authorizations do not include specific provisions for the potential new primary project functions of fish and wildlife enhancement, water supply, water quality control, and recreation. Serious flooding on the larger streams and main stem has occurred as recently as 1964, while many smaller streams flood annually. There is substantial interest in additional irrigation development. There are a number of areas requiring drainage and erosion control. A need and an opportunity exist for enhancement of the extensive anadromous fish resource. Future municipal and industrial water supply needs will require additional storage. Serious water pollution problems exist and will continue even with high levels of treatment at the waste sources; thus, additional streamflow will be required for water quality control. The growing population will create an increased demand for recreational facilities. Present in-basin power development does not meet basin needs; however, power supply is based on optimum use of regional power resources whether within or outside the basin. Also, there may be a need for increased navigation development on Willamette River. In summary, the rapidly expanding population will bring the full range of water and related land resource problems and needs in increasing intensity.

The Navigation Appendix relies upon supporting data contained in the Study Area, Hydrology, and Economic Base Appendices. There has also been an interchange of pertinent information between this and other appendices, particularly Appendix K - Recreation, and Appendix M - Plan Formulation. The data in this appendix provide the background for the navigation aspects of the main report. Navigation has been a part of the history of Willamette Basin since the earliest days of exploration and settlement. As time passed, the use of waterways for transportation changed progressively, influenced by the ever-expanding population, improvements in vessels, changing import and export cargoes, and the expansion of land-based transportation. The sea route to Willamette Valley was discovered in 1792. Captain Robert Gray, an American sea captain in search of furs for the China trade, located the mouth of Columbia River, and in the same year, Lieutenant William R. Broughton, under command of Captain George Vancouver of the British Navy, explored Columbia River in a small boat up to Vancouver Point, a few miles above the mouth of the Willamette.

The purpose of this appendix is to appraise the present municipal and industrial water supply situation, to analyze its future needs and development potential, and to evaluate the needs of subareas as a basis for making recommendations for measures which will serve those needs. Consideration of municipal and industrial water supply as a part of a comprehensive plan for development and management of water and related land resources is essential to provide a means for orderly development of water supplies. The scope of this appendix limits projection of municipal and industrial water supply requirements to the years 1980, 2000, and 2020. Appraisal of the 1980 requirements includes consideration of quantity, quality, and seasonal variations of supply and demand. The need identified is of an immediate nature and may be directly related to the development of a comprehensive plan for readily foreseeable developments. The long-range plans, which are naturally more conjectural, are more general in nature and point toward the needs of major subareas of the basin. The study area is confined to the Willamette Basin; however, the strong geographical and economic interrelations and interactions between the Willamette Basin, the Pacific Northwest, and the Nation will influence the level of municipal and industrial water demand in the basin. As an example, increased market area population will result in an enlarged market for processed food. Additional food-processing capacity will result in an increased demand for process water and water for the additional population supported by the industrial employment.