When the Civil War began in April of 1861, both the Union and Confederacy entered the conflict with excitement. Each side expected to quickly defeat the other side in a short, glorious batter. Sixteen months later, the realities of war had shocked both sides. By the fall of 1862, both sides were badly battered.

Includes 6 maps and numerous other illustrations The Civil War Begins: Opening Clashes, 1861 is the first in a series of campaign brochures commemorating our national sacrifices during the American Civil War. Author Jennifer Murray examines the successes and challenges of both the Union and the Confederate forces during the early days of the Civil War. Notable battles discussed include: Fort Sumter, South Carolina; Bull Run, Virginia; Wilson’s Creek, Missouri; Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; and Port Royal, South Carolina.

Examines the causes behind the sinking of the battleship Maine and the start of the Spanish-American War.

Offers a thrilling account of the first stage of the Peloponnesian War, also known as the Ten Years' War, between the city-states of Athens and Sparta, detailing the pitched battles by land and sea, sieges, sacks, raids and deeds of cruelty—along with courageous acts of mercy, charity and resistance.