The authors trace the evolution of Costa Rican culture and institutions from pre-Columbian times through the late 1990s. Particularly concerned with the change wrought by the economic crisis of the 1980s, they base their portrayal on interviews with Costa Ricans; observations of many facets--from coffee plantation work to the deliberations of the Legislature; and readings of journalists, essayists, poets, historians, and others. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Costa Rica is a country known internationally for its eco-credentials, dazzling coastlines, and reputation as one of the happiest and most peaceful nations on earth. Beneath this façade, however, lies an exclusionary rhetoric of nationalism bound up in the concept of the tico, as many Costa Ricans refer to themselves. Beginning by considering the very idea of national identity and what this constitutes, this book explores the nature of the idealised tico identity, demonstrating the ways in which it has assumed a white supremacist, Central Valley-centric, patriarchal, heteronormative stance based on colonial ideals. Chapters two and three then go on to consider the literature and films produced that stand in opposition to this normative image of who or what is tico and their creation as vehicles of soft power which aim to question social norms. This book explores protest literature from the 1970s by Quince Duncan, Carmen Naranjo, and Alfonso Chase who narrate their experiences from the margins of society by virtue of their identity as Afro-Costa Rican, feminist, and homosexual authors. Cinema from the twenty-first century is then analysed to demonstrate the nuanced position chosen by national directors Esteban Ramírez, Paz Fábrega, Jurgen Ureña, and Patricia Velásquez to challenge the dominant nation-image as they reinscribe youth culture, a female consciousness, trans identity, and Afro-Costa Rica onto the fabric of the nation.

My life started in the ghetto of Roxbury, Massachusetts, a mile away from the drug-infested neighborhood where Bobby Brown came up. My father left our family when I was one. My mother had five children, one of whom died in early childhood. My mother struggled every day to feed us—I’m sure many times not feeding herself. A lot of our food and Christmas toys came from the government. Despite all her struggles, my mother did everything in her power to give me an academic edge. After I won the Boston Mayor’s Award for academics when I graduated from the sixth grade, my mother colluded with a white family to put me on an academic and cultural Rocketship. This was the point where I had to begin to navigate my path mostly on my own, as my mother’s knowledge and experience regarding my new world was very limited. All I could do was to try to hold on. I attended the University of Massachusetts and a computer electronics class at Benjamin Franklin Institute, where IBM hired me. After 20 years in the world of high technology, I became disillusioned with corporate life and moved with my family to Costa Rica, where I had the pleasure of meeting a man named Dr. Deepak Chopra, who contacted me and invited my wife and I to join him at his private lunch with the presidential candidate of Costa Rica during his one-day conference. How? People always ask me: “Why, after 17 years, did you return from the paradise of Costa Rica to the U.S.?” This is my true story.

From pristine beaches and jungle waterfalls to high-altitude coffee plantations, Costa Rica: The Complete Guide puts the very best of Costa Rica at your fingertips. Blending detailed travel tips with beautiful photography, this guidebook offers so much more than just restaurant and hotel reviews. Fascinating chapters explore Costa Rica’s unique history, culture, food, ecology and wildlife. “Top 10 Ways to Avoid a Cultural Misunderstanding” helps visitors avoid common—and potentially embarrassing—mistakes. Discover what makes Costa Rica one of the world’s most amazing destinations. Soar above the cloud forest on a zipline at Monteverde. Spend the night at a deluxe ecolodge next to Arenal Volcano. Soak in the tropical beauty of Costa Rica’s world-class beaches at Manuel Antonio National Park. Plan the perfect Costa Rican vacation! Filled with travel tips to save you time and money Over 300 beautiful color photos Over 30 detailed maps Fascinating chapters on History, Culture and Food Informative guide to Wildlife and Ecology 1% of profits are donated to environmental organizations working to preserve Costa Rica's biodiversity for future generations Printed on sustainable FSC paper

This book contains the proceedings of the Real Algebraic Geometry-Topology Conference, held at Michigan State University in December 1993. Presented here are recent results and discussions of new ideas pertaining to such topics as resolution theorems, algebraic structures, topology of nonsingular real algebraic sets, and the distribution of real algebraic sets in projective space.

SUNup! Engaging REAL-WORLD tasks for eighth graders is an integrated skills book which has been developed based on the Costa Rican English new program starting in 2017 for seventh graders. The book is ideal to study over an academic year. Students practice the four skills through communicative activities that follow the Task Based Approach in four stages. To achieve the language competence, this book is divided into six scenarios, each scenario is divided into four themes and an extension section called review and expand. Each theme organizes the tasks into two main components: oral and written comprehension, and oral and written production. The Action Oriented Approach states that students are social agents who use the target language to perform specific actions in real life contexts. To be coherent with this basic principle, the eighth grade English book includes the use of digital technology in the development of mini-projects and critical thinking by letting students make decisions through problem-solving situations. SUNup! Engaging REAL-WORLD tasks for eighth graders has been designed to consolidate the A2 band, based on the Common European Framework. In the extension activities, students are expected to reinforce grammar and sentence frames as well as reading comprehension. At the end of each scenario, students are expected to check their progress which derive from the linguistic competences “Learner can …” using a Can-do check list. A flexible classroom arrangement is recommended so that students can have opportunities to walk around and work in pairs or individually, which will provide them with the opportunity to develop learners’ meta-cognitive, meta-affective, and meta-social strategies in an organized, purposeful and scaffolded learning experience. Besides the students’ book, teachers have access to the audio- material and the teachers’ guide. The F PRIMA Publishing house focuses on supporting English Teachers in the process of understanding and implementing the new English syllabus approved by the Consejo Superior de Educación in the year 2016. Thank you for your commitment to the goal of transforming English Classrooms across Costa Rica.