In this deeply researched prequel to his 2006 study Rough Justice: Lynching and American Society, 1874–1947, Michael J. Pfeifer analyzes the foundations of lynching in American social history. Scrutinizing the vigilante movements and lynching violence that occurred in the middle decades of the nineteenth century on the Southern, Midwestern, and far Western frontiers, The Roots of Rough Justice: Origins of American Lynching offers new insights into collective violence in the pre-Civil War era. Pfeifer examines the antecedents of American lynching in an early modern Anglo-European folk and legal heritage. He addresses the transformation of ideas and practices of social ordering, law, and collective violence in the American colonies, the early American Republic, and especially the decades before and immediately after the American Civil War. His trenchant and concise analysis anchors the first book to consider the crucial emergence of the practice of lynching of slaves in antebellum America. Pfeifer also leads the way in analyzing the history of American lynching in a global context, from the early modern British Atlantic to the legal status of collective violence in contemporary Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. Seamlessly melding source material with apt historical examples, The Roots of Rough Justice tackles the emergence of not only the rhetoric surrounding lynching, but its practice and ideology. Arguing that the origins of lynching cannot be restricted to any particular region, Pfeifer shows how the national and transatlantic context is essential for understanding how whites used mob violence to enforce the racial and class hierarchies across the United States.

Established in 1911, The Rotarian is the official magazine of Rotary International and is circulated worldwide. Each issue contains feature articles, columns, and departments about, or of interest to, Rotarians. Seventeen Nobel Prize winners and 19 Pulitzer Prize winners – from Mahatma Ghandi to Kurt Vonnegut Jr. – have written for the magazine.

This treasure trove of short stories offers tales of friends and animals that come to life and features important lessons about friendship, sharing and more. On Gramma’s Rocker shares a treasure box of children’s tales filled with short stories that make friends and animals come alive and help your child learn life’s most important lessons through fun. Go to the palace with porcupines who learn their manners. Follow a curious girl into a “boys-only” tree house and discover a real hero. Meet a new fire truck named Flash who wants to befriend a unique dog at the fire station. Sit in the shade with Blanket and Sombrero as they compete for the first-place prize in their village. Stand guard with Ring the doorbell as he tries his best—rain or shine. Travel with Cup and Teabag from the sunny south to the cold north until they finally reach their relaxing destination. These stories bring you and your children unusual companions who become friends as they meet each challenge before them.

A refreshing new perspective on some of the most infamous reprobates of the Midwest.

The hills have scares in this haunted history of the Ozark Mountains from the paranormal investigator and author of Missouri’s Haunted Route 66. Tourists flock to the Ozarks region every year to dip their paddles in the pure waters of its wilderness, or to lose themselves in the happy bustle of its theme parks. But the serene hills and hollows often hide something darker. The Civil War and the Trail of Tears left their marks on the region, as did the James-Younger Gang and the Baldknobbers. Ghosts linger in resorts and penitentiaries, while UFO’s and buried treasure rest in uneasy graves. Those startled by seeing a hellhound run through their backyard, however, might also catch a glimpse of author Janice Tremeear and her team of researchers in hot pursuit of the mysteries of the Ozarks.