The Pi test is an innovative approach for evaluating the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in soils. The test makes use of paper strips impregnated with iron oxides as a sink for P mobilized in a soil solution. The amount of P extracted by the strip was increased with increased surface area of the strip and increased time of contact between the iron oxide on the strip and phosphate ions in the soil solution. From soils the amount of P extracted increased with shaking time up to 8 h shaking. Over 8 h shaking, there was little increase in the amount of P extracted. Phosphorus extracted by the strips represents solution plus labile P that is mobilized. Soil : solution ratio had little effect on sorption of P by the Pi strips. Based on these, paper strips with 40 cm2 surface area and 16 h shaking time were chosen for further study.

Selected papers from the symposium on [title] held in Atlantic City, New Jersey, June 1991, address topics in general soil tests, nutrient status, organic constitutents, heavy metal content, and liming requirement. No index. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

First published in 1995: Alternative Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals in the Cosmetic Industry presents a categorization and collection of information available for the evaluation of safety using in vitro techniques. It offers a comprehensive and complete look at the entire field. In doing so, the author provides the foundation for the next phase of significant growth for this discipline.

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