"This paper suggests that the past model of police professionalism has been updated as a result of technology and federal funding. Sklansky explains that 1960s police professionalism was not about tactics, such as random patrol, but rather about the governing mindset behind policies. By the early 1980s, this professional policing model was discredited, giving birth to community policing, which also focused more on ideas and policy and less on tactics. Community policing was seen to have shortcomings, such as being vague and not reducing serious crime. Today, professional policing is mounting a comeback. Community policing, however, is still valuable. Although the community policing model is incomplete, a model of "advanced community policing" could address unanswered specifics about the nature of community policing that would help law enforcement agencies, police researchers, and the public resist the persistent pull of police professionalism. Governing Science is one of a series of papers that are being published as a result of the second "Executive Session on Policing and Public Safety," a collaboration of NIJ and Harvard Kennedy School's Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management."--Publisher's website.

Original publisher: [Cambridge, Mass.]: Harvard Kennedy School Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management; Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, [2011] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)720018457 Subject: Police professionalization -- United States -- History. Excerpt: ... The Persistent Pull of Police Professionalism - 15 21. Navigating Your Agency's Path, supra note 12, 27. In fact, the leading treatise on police manage at 10. ment in the era of police professionalism argued explicitly that " indexes of efficiency " were of " lim 22. Beck & McCue, supra note 16, at 18, 23; see ited utility " in assessing police practices because also William Bratton, John Morgan & Sean the available data were so crude. O.W. Wilson, Malinowski, Fighting Crime in the Information Police Administration 8 ( 1950 ). This passage was Age: The Promise of Predictive Policing 8 ( discus retained in the second edition of the treatise, see sion draft, Nov. 18, 2009 ) ( claiming that " we have O.W. Wilson, Police Administration 24 ( 2d ed. entered the era of predictive policing " ). 1963 ), but not in the third, see O.W. Wilson & Roy Clinton McLaren, Police Administration ( 3d ed. 23. Beck & McCue, supra note 16, at 19. 1972 ). 24. Id. 28. William Ker Muir, Jr., Police: Streetcorner Politicians ( 1977 ). 25. Bratton et al., supra note 22, at 1. There may also be a difference in emphasis: intelligence-29. Christopher Stone & Jeremy Travis, Toward led policing is sometimes said to be marked by a a New Professionalism in Policing 1 ( pre " concentration on prolific and persistent offend publication draft, June 2009 ). ers, " Ratcliffe, supra note 13, at 8; and predictive policing is sometimes said to focus on " times 30. Id. at 5 - 6. and locations predicted to be associated with an increased likelihood for crime, " rather than 31. Id. at 8. on " specific individuals, " Beck & McCue, supra 32. Id. note 16, at 22. But intelligence-led policing has also been ...

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"In the 1980s, community policing replaced the traditional crime-fighting model of policing, often referred to as "professional policing." Community policing was an improvement over the previous policing paradigm (one that the authors argue was more truly professional than the command-and-control model that it replaced) and represented a great change in how police officers did their jobs. The authors argue that it is now time for a new model for the 21st century, one that they call a "New Professionalism." Their framework rests on increased accountability for police in both their effectiveness and their conduct; greater legitimacy in the eyes of the citizenry; continuous innovation in tactics and strategies for interacting with offenders, victims, and the general public; and national coherence through the development of national norms and protocols for policing. Governing Science is one of a series of papers that are being published as a result of the second "Executive Session on Policing and Public Safety," a collaboration of NIJ and Harvard Kennedy School's Program in Criminal Justice Policy and Management."--Publisher's website.

The third thesis is that the form (concerns articulated) will depend upon the type of technology and organizational strategies available. It becomes clear in the analysis that the rhetoric is cumulative. Attention is focused on a discussion of reasons why police rhetoric of professionalism is only occasionally followed by related reform activities. Implications of this finding are explored and the strength of the unionization movement as it affects professionalism is examined. The author concludes that rhetoric itself is partly responsible for the slow movement of professionalization and that policing has not yet become a profession in the sociological sense largely because of police acceptance of their own rhetoric of professionalism