Most American Indian reservations are islands of poverty in a sea of wealth, but they do not have to remain that way. To extract themselves from poverty, Native Americans will have to build on their rich cultural history including familiarity with markets and integrate themselves into modern economies by creating institutions that reward productivity and entrepreneurship and that establish tribal governments that are capable of providing a stable rule of law. The chapters in this volume document the involvement of indigenous people in market economies long before European contact, provide evidence on how the wealth of Indian Nations has been held hostage to bureaucratic red tape, and explains how their wealth can be unlocked through self-determination and sovereignty.

Explores the effects of oil wealth on the Osage Inidians, focusing on the Osages' interactions with local non-Indians as well as on tribal politics, particularly the cultural and poitical right between full-bloods and mixed bloods that continues to the present day. Also documents the lawlessness, corruption, and occasional violence, arguing that the notorious happenings in the 1920s were part of a long history of systematic exploitation of the Osages.