This book offers diverse debates on the possible manifestations and meanings of the term "Middle East."

A clear and concise guide to the Eastern Question - the problem facing the European states of how to react to the decline of the Ottoman Empire. A L MacFie's study shows how the question was a major factor in shaping the policies of all the major powers from the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-74 down to the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.

Stratford Canning was a British diplomat who was seen as an expert in the Ottoman Empire due to his station in Constantinople. This collection of his papers concerning Turkey is arranged chronologically from 1874 to 1880; it consists of previously unpublished memorandums, editorials to the London Times, reviews, and scholarly articles. The papers concern questions of international relations, particularly between Russia, Turkey, Greece, and England; analysis of the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878); border disputes and other tensions between Greece and Turkey; discussion of the Treaty of San Stefano and the Treaty of Berlin (1878), which allowed many new Balkan states to come into existence and which unsettled the established powers of the region; an explanation of the revival of Greek independence; economic development, including concerns with Turkish currency; and a political history of Turkey with respect to the interests of Britain.

Excerpt from The Middle Eastern Question: Or Some Political Problems of Indian Defence This volume has grown out of a series of letters written for The Times, to whose proprietors I am indebted for permission to make the fullest use of them, during a journey I made through Persia and down the Persian Gulf, as well as to different points of the Indian frontier, in the autumn and winter of 1902-3, before and after attending the Coronation Durbar at Delhi. In order to place before my readers a more complete survey of the question which I had outlined in those letters, I have not merely revised them and brought them, as far as possible, up to date, but I have, to some extent, recast them, and introduced a large amount of altogether new material. I must leave these pages to speak for themselves; but as the book I published early in 1896 on The Far Eastern Question was, I think, the first to call public attention to the gravity of the problems with which, as the result of the war between China and Japan, we were about to confronted in Eastern Asia, I may perhaps, without too much presumption, be allowed to say that the more subtle changes of which I have attempted to describe the progress in Middle Asia appear to me to be fraught with consequences of even greater moment to the British Empire. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.