Excavating Occaneechi Town: Archaeology of an Eighteenth-Century Indian Village in North Carolina (CD-ROM)

In the disciplines of applied linguistics and second language acquisition (SLA), the study of pragmatic competence has been driven by several fundamental questions: What does it mean to become pragmatically competent in a second language (L2)? How can we examine pragmatic competence to make inference of its development among L2 learners? In what ways do research findings inform teaching and assessment of pragmatic competence? This book explores these key issues in Japanese as a second/foreign language. The book has three sections. The first section offers a general overview and historical sketch of the study of Japanese pragmatics and its influence on Japanese pedagogy and curriculum. The overview chapter is followed by eight empirical findings, each dealing with phenomena that are significant in Japanese pragmatics. They target selected features of Japanese pragmatics and investigate the learners' use of them as an indicator of their pragmatic competence. The target pragmatic features are wide-ranging, among them honorifics, speech style, sentence final particles, speech acts of various types, and indirect expressions. Each study explicitly prompts the connection between pragmalinguistics (linguistic forms available to perform language functions) and sociopragmatics (norms that determine appropriate use of the forms) in Japanese. By documenting the understanding and use of them among learners of Japanese spanning multiple levels and time durations, this book offers insight about the nature and development of pragmatic competence, as well as implications for the learning and teaching of Japanese pragmatics. The last section presents a critical reflection on the eight empirical papers and prompts a discussion of the practice of Japanese pragmatics research.

Despite the notorious fact of it being one of the most veiled countries in modern history, North Korea recently has started to get engaged with the rest of the world, and now we can easily witness various socio-economic changes of the nation which was seen in the 1990s in other post-socialist countries. And as the capital of the nation, Pyongyang has already entered into fast transformation stage with numbers of developments both in public and private sectors since the new regime of Kim Jung Un. However, we sometimes overlook the fact that the city was built based on the goal to be an ideal socialist city. After the three years of Korean War in the 1950s, Pyongyang was completely demolished and had a unique chance to build a new city based on the socialist ideology. Although the current morphology may not be exactly same as the original master plan, many urban spaces and infrastructures remain as evidences of socialist urban planning. And interestingly enough, these are urban elements that have major conflict with the idea of market-oriented economy, and at the moment, the morphology of the city is already changing. Then, the question is, will Pyongyang become one of post-socialist cities, having them as precedents to the city, or will it have its own development path that is unprecedented?

"As one of the outcomes of the Ephemeral City Research Project conceived in the Harvard Graduate School of Design with the aim of bringing to light the idea that nonpermanent configurations of the urban landscape are legitimate within the discourse on cities this book describes temporary settlements from all over the world that challenge the illusion of the permanence of the urban landscape. Ephemeral Urbanism invites us to ponder over aspects of material impermanence such as dematerialization and disassembly as an integral part of the designand construction processes of cities. Ranging from the scale of the small temporary infill within the urban, to the scale of the ephemeral mega cities, this book gives an overview of hundreds of cases, analyzing settlements or configurations that are constructed for a limited period of time. Through diagrams, photographs and aerial images, this preliminary survey presents an exploration of ome interesting prototypes of flexible urban planning and design. Texts by Richard Sennett and Ricky Burdett give the appropriate framework to understand the relevance of this book."--Provider.

This book presents analysis and applications of self-organizing maps in various domains. The self-organizing map, first explained by Finnish scientist Teuvo Kohonen, can be used for a broad spectrum of fields and this book explains how the original self-organizing map along with its variants and extensions can be applied in diverse fields. These applications comprise of the examination of financial stability, the fault diagnosis of plants, the generation of well-composed heterogeneous teams and the application of the self-organizing map to atmospheric sciences.