Reprint of the original, first published in 1874.

With detailed essays on the Arctic's environment, wildlife, climate, history, exploration, resources, economics, politics, indigenous cultures and languages, conservation initiatives and more, this Encyclopedia is the only major work and comprehensive reference on this vast, complex, changing, and increasingly important part of the globe. Including 305 maps. This Encyclopedia is not only an interdisciplinary work of reference for all those involved in teaching or researching Arctic issues, but a fascinating and comprehensive resource for residents of the Arctic, and all those concerned with global environmental issues, sustainability, science, and human interactions with the environment.

Describes German Arctic Expedition of 1869-70 and the Austrian Arctic Expedition of 1872-74. The first explored the east coast of Greenland and the second steamed past Novaya Zemlya to Franz Josef Land.