Every country unconsciously creates the psychoanalysis it needs, says Edith Kurzweil. Freudians everywhere, even the most orthodox, are influenced by national traditions, interests, beliefs, and institutions. In this original and stimulating book, Kurzweil traces the ways in which psychoanalysis has evolved in Austria, England, France, Germany, and the United States. The author explains how psychoanalysis took root in each country, outlines the history of various psychoanalytic institutes, and describes how Freudian doctrine has been transmuted by aesthetic values, behavioral mores, and political traditions of different cultures. The Germans, for example, took Austrian humanism and made it "scientific." The British developed object relations. French psychoanalysts emphasized linguistics and structuralism and developed an abiding fascination with text, language, subtext, and plot structures. In her new introduction, Kurzweil reexamines her argument that countries develop their own psychoanalysis according to their needs. She describes evidence supporting her theories and why they continue to hold true today. She also discusses what led her to write this book initially. The Freudians is a major work in confirming the importance of psychoanalytic thought across national and cultural boundaries.

Explores the developments in technique in the practice of psychoanalysis today.

"Outstanding, even spectacular. . . . Kimball shows beyond any doubt that Joyce had by 1922 read key texts by Freud, Jung, Rank, and other analysts, and that his immersion in these then comparatively obscure writings informed his artistic vision in Ulysses. She provides an indispensable roadmap to Joyce's encounter with psychoanalysis."--Peter L. Rudnytsky, Institute for Psychological Study of the Arts, University of Florida, and editor, American Imago "Expands our sense of how influence can work, and it is rich with fresh insights into Joyce."--Sheldon Brivic, Temple University Joyce and the Early Freudians explores Joyce's interaction with psychoanalytic literature available to him before the publication of Ulysses in 1922. It is not a psychoanalytic reading of Joyce but rather a book that draws parallels between these works and Joyce's own writing and examines how Joyce was affected by the Zeitgeist of the psychoanalytic movement. Jean Kimball begins with a close but expansive discussion of the three psychoanalytic texts that Joyce purchased in Trieste before he moved to Zurich in 1915: Freud's psychobiography of Leonardo da Vinci, Jung's intensely Freudian essay on the father's significance in a person's life, and a German translation of Ernest Jones's original Hamlet and Oedipus essay. She follows with a discussion of the remarkable collection of psychoanalytic literature available at the Zentralbibliothek during Joyce's residence in Zurich, including an analysis of previously untranslated journal articles especially relevant to the Blooms and their marriage--articles that, because they relate to perversions, suggest a psychoanalytic base for Bloom's sexual oddities. Through close reading, the study traces textual parallels and verbal echoes from the psychoanalytic writings in A Portrait of the Artist and, to a much greater extent, in Ulysses. Kimball also gives close attention to the unique way in which Joyce makes use of allusions, often combining psychoanalytic traces with classical ones to add density to his work, thus strengthening her case for a textual connection between Joyce and Freud, two towering figures of the 20th century. Drawing from early psychoanalytic texts in a manner uniquely his own, Joyce has set up echoes in Ulysses that touch all the major characters of the novel. Jean Kimball is an adjunct associate professor of English at the University of Northern Iowa.

It is not by coincidence that the key figures in the psychology of religion - William James, Rudolf Otto, Carl Jung, and Erik Erikson - each fought a lifelong battle with melancholia, argues Donald Capps in this engrossing book. These four men experienced similar traumas in early childhood: each perceived a loss of mother's unconditional love. In the deep melancholy that resulted, they turned to religion. Capps contends that the main impetus for men to become religious lies in such melancholia, and that these four authors were typical, although their losses were especially severe because of complicating personal circumstances. Offering a new way of viewing the major classics in the psychology of religion, Capps explores the psychological origins of these authors' own religious visions through a sensitive examination of their writings.

By examining the private correspondence of a circle of German psychoanalyst emigrés that included Otto Fenichel, Annie Reich, and Edith Jacobson, Russell Jacoby recaptures the radical zeal of classical analysis and the efforts of the Fenichel group to preserve psychoanalysis as a social and political theory, open to a broad range of intellectuals regardless of their medical background. In tracing this effort, he illuminates the repression by psychoanalysis of its own radical past and its transformation into a narrow medical technique. This book is of critical interest to the general reader as well as to psychoanalytic historians, theorists, and therapists.

Freud argued that religions originate in the unconscious needs, longings and fantasies of human minds. His work has served to highlight how any analysis of religion must explore mental life, both the cognitive and the unconscious. 'Freud on Religion' examines Freud's complex understanding of religious belief and practice. The book brings together contemporary psychoanalytic theory and case material from Freud's clinical practice to illustrate how the operations of the unconscious mind support various forms of religious belief, from mainstream to occult. 'Freud on Religion' offers a new way of understanding Freud's thinking and demonstrates how valuable psychoanalysis is for the study of religion.