The relationship between police and the communities and citizens they serve has long been a topic of study and controversy. Sung provides a place-oriented theory of policing to guide strategies for crime control and problem-oriented policing. He contends that community policing is a product of power relations among communities. Sung also explores: •how police and citizens interact with each other in stratified and residentially segregated communities •how services are delivered by police •how citizens respond to those charged with protecting them and enforcing the law Illuminating the police-neighborhood and advancing a clear hypothesis for explaining and predicting changes in police behavior, this both provides a conceptual platform for public policy debate, planning, and evaluation of police, public safety, and democratic governance. According to Sung, place has everything to do with the success of community policing, and the attitudes of both police and citizens contribute to the success or failure of police initiatives as well as the level of crime inherent in a community. By focusing on the social and political forces that shape the residential patterns of American cities and the organization of police work, Sung provides a theoretical framework for considering the relations between police and citizens in different neighborhoods. He concludes that current modes of police-community relations and crime prevention will improve only if the policies adopted encourage the transformation of marginal communities into communities where citizens feel a shared responsibility for maintaining and peace and order. This unique contribution to a growing field of study provides an ecological theory of police-citizen relations that begins with the inequality and segregation inherent in many American cities.

Criminal Justice: An Introduction is a complete introductory text for the most basic and widely-studied course in this subject area. Each chapter begins with behavioral objectives and a list of key terms. A variety of strategies are designed into the text to hold the attention of reader: key terms in bold lettering, side margin notes (containing interesting facts and challenging questions), boxed justice events and international perspectives, and over 80 photographs, tables and figures. Each chapter ends with applications that enable the student to apply the material to real life situations. This text competes with larger books by offering a complete but succinct and less expensive introduction to criminal justice, which will be more manageable for community colleges and colleges with shorter terms. The instructor's manual will assist educators with special projects and test questions and answers. The accompanying disk challenges students with interactive exercises. An excellent entry-level textbook for undergraduate criminal justice students. Written by an instructor of criminal justice and security for over 20 years. Includes an instructor's manual and a disk with interactive exercises for students.

Authors Franklin and Hein have witnessed firsthand difficulties experienced in some black communities. They use their knowledge to analyze and discuss the interactions between American policing, a subculture of the black community and the BLM movement. The authors wrote this book not because of attacks on police officers but because of overzealous actions by officers to shoot black men. It describes how blue on black shootings along with police tactics sometimes cause intense citizen responses through public statements, outbursts, and demonstrations. It begins with an examination of the differences between the black and white communities; how the same incident can be viewed from two different perspectives and how a discussion can be perceived unbiased by one but biased and unjust by another. Because of civil rights efforts American policing is going through a transformation. A change in policing tactics must be met with a re-evaluation of some cultural norms by the black community. They also discuss the lack of support by blacks shown to other blacks when there is an impression of being “not black enough.” The authors believe in political correctness, but also believe that political correctness is harming the black community, because well-recognized negative issues in some communities are not being addressed to avoid criticism of black culture. In the final chapter the authors discuss the failure of black leadership to make any earnest effort to rescue a wanting black subculture from itself. Finally, the authors believe that American policing understands its 21st century obligations and is taking steps to meet them.

This book examines issues of race and policing through the lens of representative bureaucracy theory. According to representative bureaucracy theory, demographic correspondence between government employees and the local population can lead to more favorable outcomes for minority groups. It argues that police forces with higher minority composition will have more positive outcomes across measures such as fewer excessive force complaints and fewer fatal encounters with officers. Additionally, the book asserts that more representative forces will demonstrate responsiveness and accountability by implementing policies such as citizen review boards for excessive force complaints. It does this by first providing a brief overview of issues surrounding race and policing in America, documenting racial representation occurring in local police forces nationwide, and exploring the potential causes and consequences of underrepresentation. It concludes by discussing the implications of our findings and offer potential policy remedies and solutions that local law enforcements can pursue in order to reduce minority underrepresentation and improve policing outcomes.

This is a comprehensive, introductory survey of police, police work, and police systems intended for criminal justice courses on police administration, and courses on criminology or the sociology of law enforcement. It describes how police departments are organized, what police officers do, the different problems in policing (police-community relations, use of discretion, police corruption, etc) how individuals enter policing as a career and what happens to them during the course of their careers. There are three new chapters on community policing, police and crime, and peacekeeping and order maintenance.