Joseph M. Forshaw, one of the world’s leading authorities on parrots, calls attention to the threats they face: they are one of the most endangered groups of birds, with a growing number of species nearing extinction. The main threats arise from habitat loss through deforestation and agricultural development and from the taking of birds for the international live-bird trade. Vanished and Vanishing Parrots brings together information on species that have become extinct in historical times with information on species that are in danger of becoming extinct to increase public awareness of the plight of these magnificent birds. Vivid colour plates by the wildlife artist Frank Knight draw attention to the spectacular species that we have lost or that could be lost. Forshaw’s work gives us fascinating insight into these endangered and extinct parrots. Vanished and Vanishing Parrots will be a valuable reference for scientific, ornithological and avicultural organisations, as well as individual lovers of birds and of illustrated natural history books.

This bulletin, based on contributions from various contributors and edited by Dr. D.W. Roubik, introduces the reader to various aspects of natural and insect pollination. It discusses the pollinators themselves, and the ecological and economic importance of pollination, as well as applied pollination in temperate, tropical oceanic islands and mainland tropics, and alternatives to artificial pollinator populations. Prospects for the future are also discussed. Chapter 2 deals with successful pollination with pollinator populations, the evaluation of pollinators and floral biology and research techniques. The behaviour of pollinators and plant phenology and various case studies on the preparation of pollinators for use in tropical agriculture are also discussed. A glossary and various appendices regarding cultivated and semi-cultivated plants in the tropics, pollination contracts and levels of safety of pesticides for bees and other pollinators are included.

Flower initiation in mango (var: “Mallika”) commenced at 21.83 ± 1.58 days after bud development and staminate : hermaphrodite flower ratio was 1:0.29. In each flower, one fertile and four staminoids were present. Staminate and hermaphrodite flowers opened during 0730-1000 hrs. and 0800-1100 hrs. and in them anther dehiscence occurred at 27.1 ± 3.1 and 29.3 ± 4.8 min. after anthesis, respectively. Fruit set (no./panicle) was 2.90 ±1.27 in unbagged and zero in bagged inflorescence. Total longevity of each flower was 81.96 ± 2.14 hrs. Forty five insect species found foraging on the inflorescence belonged to Hymenoptera (60%), Diptera (24.44%), Hemiptera (6.67%), Coleoptera (4.44%) and Lepidoptera (4.44%). Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H) values ranged from 1.201-1.586 during different hours of the day, with peak ‘H’ values during 0900-1100 hrs. (1.597-1.619). Highest ‘H’ value (1.551) was recorded at >90 per cent flowering stage. Berger-Parker index (d) for dominance during 25, 50, 75 and >90 percent flowering was highest for E. obliquus (d=0.40, 0.40, 0.36 and 0.34). E. obliquus, Chrysomya sp., A. florea and A. cerana indica spent 11.83, 8.33, 5.29 and 3.76 sec. on each flower, respectively. All four species spent maximum foraging time during 1000-1100 hrs. E. obliquus, Chrysomya sp., A. florea and A. cerana indica visited 36.38, 42.93, 57.33 and 69.40 flowers /5 min., respectively. Maximum bee visitation was recorded at 0600-0700 hrs. and 1700-1800 hrs. Further, E. obliquus, Chrysomya sp., A. florea and A. cerana indica visited 13.03, 18.18, 27.84 and 31.78 flowers per inflorescence. Significant negative correlation (p=0.001) was observed between the number of flowers visited per inflorescence and time spent w.r.t. all the four species.

This is a story of the extraordinary adventures that befell Joshua Barney during his earliest years at sea, at the time of the Revolutionary war. He shipped as second mate on the brig "Cormorant," to sail from Baltimore to the Mediterranean. The first mate left the ship at Norfolk: the captain died; and Barney, only fifteen years old, was master of the ship and responsible for the safe delivery of her cargo at Nice. Everything in the book is true, though written in the form of fiction.