The Fifth Cleavage: Genealogy of the Populist Ideology and Parties argues that populist parties of all ages originate from the same unique cleavage that counterpouse the people with the elite, and that populist plutocracy represent one of the dark sides of populism.

"A subject collection from Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology."

The intent of Essential IVF is to present current issues in clinical IVF that encompass the varied activities of those engaged in this field. By integrating clinical, basic research and laboratory-related aspects of human reproduction, readers with diverse interests should obtain a more complete understanding of the impact, importance and relevance of each in the progress of infertility treatment and an appreciation of whether emerging technologies will or should contribute to this progress in the near future. The topics selected for this volume include research that has begun to explain the origins of different follicular, gamete, embryo and uterine competence as well as specific laboratory procedures and protocols that may have important clinical implications for the generation of developmentally viable embryos. Comprehensive reviews and discussions of past and contemporary studies in clinically-oriented chapters provide a biological and outcome-based context in which current practices and protocols in human IVF may need to be reconsidered.

This volume describes culture media and solutions used in human ART; how they have been developed for in vitro human pre-implantation embryo development, the function and importance of the various components in media and solutions and how they interact, and how the systems in which these are used can influence outcomes. Chapters discuss inorganic solutes, energy substrates, amino acids, macromolecules, cytokines, growth factors, buffers, pH, osmolality, and the interaction of these parameters. The role of incubators and other physical factors are reviewed, along with the relevance and prospects of emerging technologies: morphokinetic analysis using time-lapse imaging and dynamic fluid incubation systems. Results of prospective randomized trials are emphasized to ascertain the added value of these techniques for selecting viable embryos. This comprehensive guide will be invaluable for embryologists, physicians and all personnel involved in the fluid products used in human ART seeking to optimize their successful use of these components.

A fully updated and illustrated handbook providing comprehensive coverage of all curriculum areas covered by the MRCOG Part 1 examination.