When Portuguese explorers first arrived in India, the maritime passage initiated an exchange of goods as well as ideas. European ambassadors, missionaries, soldiers, and scholars who followed produced a body of knowledge that shaped European thought about India. Sanjay Subrahmanyam tracks these changing ideas over the entire early modern period.

The book examines how the European Union, which in the past had tended to be seen by India as an undervalued partner, is now increasingly part of most conversations in fields like the economy, technology, standards, best practices, development, defence and security. The book shows that the renewed focus on Europe is the result of changing geopolitics, India’s own priorities, Europe’s growing relevance in the post-Brexit era, China’s expanding footprint in the continent, and the search for alternatives to the loss of the UK as the gateway to Europe. The uncertainty inherent in the Brexit process and with the UK ceasing/having ceased to be the traditional gateway to Europe, India has been compelled to revisit, re-examine and rethink its own policies towards Europe and search for alternatives to Britain.

European traders first appeared in India at the end of the fifteenth century and began exporting goods to Europe as well as to other parts of Asia. In a detailed analysis of the trading operations of European corporate enterprises such as the English and Dutch East India Companies, as well as those of private European traders, this book considers how, over a span of three centuries, the Indian economy expanded and was integrated into the pre-modern world economy as a result of these interactions. The book also describes how this essentially market-determined commercial encounter changed in the latter half of the eighteenth century as the colonial relationship between Britain and the subcontinent was established. By bringing together and examining the existing literature, the author provides a fascinating overview of the impact of European trade on the pre-modern Indian economy which will be of value to students of Indian, European and colonial history.

India and the European Union bear a particular responsibility: as international relations change, not least because of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the two largest democracies in the world have the unique potential to jointly demonstrate that trusting cooperation and mutual understanding are both indispensable and fruitful—all the more so in the context of increasing national egoism and disregard for the fundamental principles of multilateralism. This realisation is not new. Believing in the necessity and mutual benefit of close cooperation, India and the EU struck a strategic partnership in 2004. But resounding success in forging closer bilateral ties and promoting an inclusive, rules-based global order has proved elusive. Since 2016, however, the EU’s Global Strategy has offered new opportunities for a restart of European foreign policy, envisaging new partnerships and recalibrating existing ones. On India’s part, too, changing stances have presented new openings—with New Delhi criticising protectionism and calling for a strengthening of multilateralism. This timely book scrutinises the status quo and the future potential of revitalised EU-India relations. By exploring and analysing conceptual approaches to and key dimensions of the strategic partnership, including trade, climate policy and development cooperation, it evaluates the prospects for future cooperation. Lastly, it offers policy recommendations for advancing the partnership between India and the EU.

This book examines the economic, political and security interests of India, Europe and the European Union towards Asia. It analyses their participation in major Asian multilateral organizations, responses to connectivity and Brussels’ differential engagement of China and India. It evaluates Indian and European/EU policy towards West Asia, the Iran Imbroglio, the Indo-Pacific and South Asia (Afghanistan, Myanmar and Kashmir). It highlights the elements of convergence/divergence and assesses the challenges and prospects of India-European cooperation in the context of a more assertive China and growing European engagement with Asia.

This network version of Spectrum Mathematics Testmaker Plus! 7 is able to generate sets of questions that can be completed by students online or printed out for duplication. The sets of questions can be used as tests, homework sheets or extension activities for all major mathematics topics covered in Year 7. The items in a set can be chosen from a single topic or from a combination of topics. In the printed version the questions in a set can include multiple choice, extended answer or analysis question types. Tests delivered electronically are in multiple choice mode and are automatically marked and the results stored in an electronic mark book for analysis and reporting. The electronic mark book feature allows differentiated access for the coordinator and class teachers, allows analysis by student and/or topic and allows the inclusion of results arising from externally generated assessments.