The Doctrine of Souls and of Disease Among the Chinook Indians

The Doctrine of Souls and of Disease Among the Chinook Indians
Title The Doctrine of Souls and of Disease Among the Chinook Indians PDF eBook
Author Franz Boas
Publisher
Pages 6
Release 1893
Genre Folklore
ISBN

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The Doctrine of Souls and of Disease Among the Chinook Indians

The Doctrine of Souls and of Disease Among the Chinook Indians
Title The Doctrine of Souls and of Disease Among the Chinook Indians PDF eBook
Author Franz Boas
Publisher
Pages 5
Release 1892
Genre
ISBN

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The Chinook Indians

The Chinook Indians
Title The Chinook Indians PDF eBook
Author Robert H. Ruby
Publisher University of Oklahoma Press
Pages 400
Release 1976
Genre Social Science
ISBN 9780806121079

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The Chinook Indians, who originally lived at the mouth of the Columbia River in present-day Oregon and Washington, were experienced traders long before the arrival of white men to that area. When Captain Robert Gray in the ship Columbia Rediviva, for which the river was named, entered the Columbia in 1792, he found the Chinooks in an important position in the trade system between inland Indians and those of the Northwest Coast. The system was based on a small seashell, the dentalium, as the principal medium of exchange. The Chinooks traded in such items as sea otter furs, elkskin armor which could withstand arrows, seagoing canoes hollowed from the trunks of giant trees, and slaves captured from other tribes. Chinook women held equal status with the men in the trade, and in fact the women were preferred as traders by many later ships' captains, who often feared and distrusted the Indian men. The Chinooks welcomed white men not only for the new trade goods they brought, but also for the new outlets they provided Chinook goods, which reached Vancouver Island and as far north as Alaska. The trade was advantageous for the white men, too, for British and American ships that carried sea otter furs from the Northwest Coast to China often realized enormous profits. Although the first white men in the trade were seamen, land-based traders set up posts on the Columbia not long after American explorers Lewis and Clark blazed the trail from the United States to the Pacific Northwest in 1805. John Jacob Astor's men founded the first successful white trading post at Fort Astoria, the site of today's Astoria, Oregon, and the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company soon followed into the territory. As more white men moved into the area, the Chinooks began to lose their favored position as middlemen in the trade. Alcohol; new diseases such as smallpox, influenza, and venereal disease; intertribal warfare; and the growing number of white settlers soon led to the near extinction of the Chinooks. By 1&51, when the first treaty was made between them and the United States government, they were living in small, fragmented bands scattered throughout the territory. Today the Chinook Indians are working to revive their tribal traditions and history and to establish a new tribal economy within the white man's system.

Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico

Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico
Title Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico PDF eBook
Author Aleš Hrdlička
Publisher
Pages 554
Release 1908
Genre Americana
ISBN

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Physiological and medical observations among the Indians of southwestern United States and northern Mexico

Physiological and medical observations among the Indians of southwestern United States and northern Mexico
Title Physiological and medical observations among the Indians of southwestern United States and northern Mexico PDF eBook
Author Alěs Hrdlička
Publisher
Pages 566
Release 1908
Genre
ISBN

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Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics

Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics
Title Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics PDF eBook
Author James Hastings
Publisher
Pages 934
Release 1912
Genre Ethics
ISBN

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The Critic

The Critic
Title The Critic PDF eBook
Author
Publisher
Pages 594
Release 1893
Genre
ISBN

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