The identity and existence of a loss-based defence in the law of unjust enrichment is disputed. Widely known as 'passing on', but better identified as 'disimpoverishment', this defence has generated confusion and disagreement across and within England, Australia, Canada and the United States of America. This book seeks to address these problems in three ways. First, by providing a solution to the defence's terminological problems and presenting a coherent picture of the current state of the law. Secondly, by examining whether a defendant's unjust enrichment can be said to have come 'at the expense of' a claimant when a third party has borne the cost of that enrichment. Put another way, whether awards of restitution are, or should be, restricted by the value of a claimant's loss. And finally, by analyzing the reasons in favour of accepting or rejecting a loss-based defence in the law of unjust enrichment. Numerous scholarly textbooks and law journals have devoted space to these issues. This work, however, has tended to focus narrowly on either particular cases or sets of issues. This book seeks to address this deficiency by collating, and providing total coverage of, the controversies and questions pertaining to a loss-based defence in the law of unjust enrichment.This work will be essential reading for anyone interested in the law of restitution, and in its relationship with other areas of private law.

‘Passing-on’ occurs when harm or loss incurred by a business is passed on to burden that business’s customers or the next level of the supply chain. In this thoroughly revised and updated second edition, the authors provide the only available comprehensive examination of passing-on in damages and restitution under EU law. The analysis covers a broad range of contexts including competition damages and the repayment of charges.

This title seeks to analyse the law of restitution, that body of law concerned with the award of remedies assessed by reference to a gain made by a defendant rather than a loss suffered by the claimant. It focuses on those claims founded on unjust enrichment, and the award of restitutionary remedies.

The growth in prominence of the law of restitution and European Community law has resulted in the creation of a body of case law, which is contained within this work. This book examines the Community rules that affect restitutionary claims commenced in the English courts. This book considers the affect that EC rules may have on the development of specific areas of the English law of restitution, it sets out the circumstances in which the development of English rules governing restitutionary claims might be affected by the requirements of Community law, and examines in detail the Community rules which affect restitutionary claims commenced before the national courts and attempts to rationalise and to explain them within the framework of the principle of unjust enrichment. It is essential reading for practitioners as well as academics and postgraduate students.

In this revised and much expanded second edition David Ashton provides a comprehensive review of the EU damages directive (Directive 2014/104/EU) and its implementation, bringing the book up to date with the latest advances in EU Competition Law damages actions. This edition also features insights from practising lawyers on national developments in over 10 countries across Europe and an updated, separately authored, chapter on the quantification of loss. This book will provide practising lawyers and scholars alike with a clear, well-structured and updated guide to EU Competition Law Damages.

The Law of Restitution in Nigeria covers the historical development of restitution in law, its scope, and contemporary issues related to it. Some of the issues covered are: Ignorance; Incapacity; Exploitation; Enrichment at the plaintiffs expense; Restitution for wrongs and general principles, torts, breach of contract, equitable wrongdoing, criminal offenses; Defenses relating to changing circumstances; Illegality; and limitation of actions in restitution.

"Alastair Hudson's Equity and Trusts is an ideal textbook for undergraduate courses on the law of trusts and equitable remedies. It provides a clear, current and comprehensive account of the subject through which the author's enthusiasm and expertise shine through, helping to bring to life an area of the law which students often find challenging. This Eighth Edition contains an analysis of the Supreme Court decisions in Pitt v Holt, Futter v Futter, Jones v Kernott and Re Lehman Brothers (Europe) v CRC; and the decisions in FHR European Ventures v Mankarious, Armstrong v Winnington and Independent Trustee Services v GK Noble and Morris. It also includes coverage of all of the cases which have stemmed from the financial crisis; a new treatment of the Charities Act 2011 and of the Perpetuities and Accumulations Act 2009; as well as a new treatment of the law on bribery and secret profits; a full treatment of the law on super-injunctions; and analysis of many other new cases. Equity and Trusts remains the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the law of Equity and Trusts, while still a lively and thoughtful account of the issues raised by it. This book has been cited as being authoritative in the courts of numerous countries"--