The first multivolume encyclopedia to document the history of one of the most influential religious movements of the Middle Ages—the Crusades. The Crusades: An Encyclopedia surveys all aspects of the crusading movement from its origins in the 11th century to its decline in the 16th century. Unlike other works, which focus on the eastern Mediterranean region, this expansive four-volume encyclopedia also includes the struggle of Christendom against its enemies in Iberia, Eastern Europe, and the Baltic region, and also covers the military orders, crusades against fellow Christians, heretics, and more. This work includes comprehensive entries on personalities such as Godfrey of Bouillon, who refused the title "King of Jerusalem," and St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who tore up his own clothing to make symbols of the cross for crusaders, as well as key events, countries, places, and themes that shed light on everything from the propaganda that inspired crusading warriors to the ways in which they fought. Special coverage of topics such as taxation, pilgrimage, warfare, chivalry, and religious orders give readers an appreciation of the multifaceted nature of these "holy wars."

Crusades A Bibliography With Indexes

John Robert Lee has been described as the foremost Caribbean Christian writer of his generation with a truly incarnational view of faith, anchored in the reality of human experience and expressed in richly textured images of Caribbean landscapes, dress, street life, music, dance and his native Creole language. The selected poems in Sighting and other poems of faith mark the pilgrims progress of this writer over three decades. In the poems he sees his life and experiences through the lens of the Christian faith, yet, in the words of Nobel laureate Derek Walcott, his Saint Lucian contemporary, you dont get in the poetry anything that is, in a sense, preachy or self-advertising in terms of its morality. His is a poetry that is rooted in the flesh and blood reality of his times, even as he looks beyond to the transcendent promises of his faith. St. Lucia, Boston, the Haitian earthquake of 2010 are the scenes to which he turns his perceptive gaze, with a poetry that is remarkably mature. The poetry is accessible to anyone who loves a craftsman who turns the language into startling and provocative images.