As the Government of Indonesia prepares to begin the implementation of its Fifth National Development Plan (REPELITA V), it faces new challenges in its family planning program. This report discusses the following issues: how feasible are the demographic targets? Is it desirable to shift large segments of users from free to fee-for-service program? To the extent that it is desirable to engage the private sector both on efficiency and resource mobilization grounds, how can this be accomplished while preserving and strengthening public family planning program (FP) services? The report analyzes these questions and the choices of specific program strategies that the government will need to make to implement the policies and achieve the goals set for REPELITA.