Proposition 13 reduced the ability of local gov't's. to finance public goods and infrastructure through local taxes. Local gov't's. responded by increasing their reliance on fees and exactions. The constitutional takings clause may represent yet another limitation on the ability of local gov't's. to finance public improvements. In addition, CA's burgeoning population and scenic and natural resources make it fertile ground for the conflicts associated with growth: how should transportation infrastructure and other public services be financed as communities spread outward? How should open space, habitat, and access to recreational resources be preserved and paid for? Tables.

Located about 100 miles inland from the coast, Sacramento isnA[a¬a[t always considered a port town. Yet beginning in the mid-1850s, barges, riverboats, and steamers began plying the river between here and San Francisco, carrying passengers, supplies, livestock, and produce between the coast and valley regions. The deepwater era began in 1911, when plans began on a canal and lock system that could accommodate large ships. In 1947, the SacramentoA[a¬aYolo Port District was created, ushering in many decades of worldwide shipping and commerce that was critical to the growth of California. Along the way, the facility hosted virtually every manner of oceangoing vessel and cargoes and equipment of every description.