This book contains an overview of complex formation by macrocyclic ligand systems. The study of macrocyclic chemistry represents a major area of activity which impinges on a range of other areas in both chemistry and biochemistry. The field has characteristically yielded many interesting and unusual compounds. The text discusses the structures and properties of macrocyclic compounds; the synthesis of macrocycles; polyether crown and related systems; metal-ion and molecular recognition (host-guest chemistry); as well as kinetic, thermodynamic and electrochemical aspects of a range of macrocyclic systems. A discussion of the different categories of naturally occurring macrocycles is also included. Specialist and non-specialist alike will find this a useful text. Apart from serving as a convenient reference for established workers in the field, it should also prove useful to new graduate students as well as to researchers from other areas who seek a general introduction to the subject. The topics discussed also provide a suitable basis for a senior undergraduate or graduate course in macrocyclic chemistry and inorganic complexes.

Chemists have been aware of the existence of coordination compounds con taining organic macrocyclic ligands since the first part of this century ; however, only during the past few years have they expanded research into the chemistry of these compounds. The expansion was initiated in the early 1960s by the synthesis and characterization of compounds containing some new macrocyclic ligands. The synthesis of compounds which may serve as model systems for some natural products containing large rings as ligands provided the main goal for the early expansion of research effort; indeed, a recurrent theme behind much of the reported chemistry has been the analogy between synthetic macrocyclic compounds and many natural-product systems. More recently, the emphases of reported research have ranged over the whole spectrum of chemistry, and the number of publications that discuss macrocyclic chemistry has increased at a dramatic rate. The completed research has been reported in a variety of journals throughout the world but there has been no previous attempt to bring the major developments together under one cover. This book, therefore, attempts to satisfy the need for a single source in which there is both a collection and a correlation of information concerning the coordination chemistry of macrocyclic compounds. The chapters in this book discuss various aspects of macrocyclic chemistry, and while these chapters as a whole constitute an in-depth survey of the state-of the-art of the field, each chapter is written as a complete unit.

Macrocyclic Chemistry: Current Trends and Future Perspectives illustrates essential concepts in this expanding research field covering both basic and applied studies. Written by well-known experts from around the world, the topics of the chapters range from new macrocyclic architectures with different functions and self-assembly processes through to the modeling and dynamics of such systems. The content also reflects on application possibilities in analytical chemistry, separation processes, material preparation and medicine. Thus this book serves as a creative source of research strategies and methodic tools. Providing an excellent overview of the field, this book will be a valuable resource for researchers in industry and academic institutions as well as for teachers of science and graduate students. This book is devoted to the long-standing tradition of the International Symposia on Macrocyclic Chemistry (ISMC) and published to coincide with the 30th meeting, Dresden, Germany.

This book describes the coordination chemistry of macrocyclic ligands. Common types of ligands are introduced and strategies for the synthesis of the free ligands and their metal complexes are discussed. The unique thermodynamic and kinetic properties of macrocyclic complexes are introduced and applications of the ligands presented. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduate or graduate students and assumes a knowledge of organic and inorganic chemistry at the second year undergraduate level.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The number of MRI scanners operating around the world is estimated to be approximately 20,000, and the development of contrast agents, currently used in about a third of the 50 million clinical MRI examinations performed every year, has largely contributed to this significant achievement. This completely revised and extended second edition: Includes new chapters on targeted, responsive, PARACEST and nanoparticle MRI contrast agents. Covers the basic chemistries, MR physics and the most important techniques used by chemists in the characterization of MRI agents from every angle from synthesis to safety considerations. Is written for all of those involved in the development and application of contrast agents in MRI. Presented in colour, it provides readers with true representation and easy interpretation of the images. A word from the Authors: Twelve years after the first edition published, we are convinced that the chemistry of MRI agents has a bright future. By assembling all important information on the design principles and functioning of magnetic resonance imaging probes, this book intends to be a useful tool for both experts and newcomers in the field. We hope that it helps inspire further work in order to create more efficient and specific imaging probes that will allow materializing the dream of seeing even deeper and better inside the living organisms. Reviews of the First Edition: "...attempts, for the first time, to review the whole spectrum of involved chemical disciplines in this technique..."—Journal of the American Chemical Society "...well balanced in its scope and attention to detail...a valuable addition to the library of MR scientists..."—NMR in Biomedicine

An advanced-level textbook of inorganic chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of four volume series, entitled "A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV". CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds: VSEPR theory; dπ -pπ bonds; Bent rule and energetic of hybridization. Chapter 2. Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Solution: Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interactions; Trends in stepwise constants; Factors affecting stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand; Chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin; Determination of binary formation constants by pH-metry and spectrophotometry. Chapter 3. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes – I: Inert and labile complexes; Mechanisms for ligand replacement reactions; Formation of complexes from aquo ions; Ligand displacement reactions in octahedral complexes- acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis; Racemization of tris chelate complexes; Electrophilic attack on ligands. Chapter 4. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes – II: Mechanism of ligand displacement reactions in square planar complexes; The trans effect; Theories of trans effect; Mechanism of electron transfer reactions – types; outer sphere electron transfer mechanism and inner sphere electron transfer mechanism; Electron exchange. Chapter 5. Isopoly and Heteropoly Acids and Salts: Isopoly and Heteropoly acids and salts of Mo and W: structures of isopoly and heteropoly anions. Chapter 6. Crystal Structures: Structures of some binary and ternary compounds such as fluorite, antifluorite, rutile, antirutile, crystobalite, layer lattices- CdI2, BiI3; ReO3, Mn2O3, corundum, pervoskite, Ilmenite and Calcite. Chapter 7. Metal-Ligand Bonding: Limitation of crystal field theory; Molecular orbital theory: octahedral, tetrahedral or square planar complexes; π-bonding and molecular orbital theory. Chapter 8. Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes: Spectroscopic ground states, Correlation and spin-orbit coupling in free ions for Ist series of transition metals; Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1 – d9 states); Calculation of Dq, B and β parameters; Effect of distortion on the d-orbital energy levels; Structural evidence from electronic spectrum; John-Tellar effect; Spectrochemical and nephalauxetic series; Charge transfer spectra; Electronic spectra of molecular addition compounds. Chapter 9. Magantic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes: Elementary theory of magneto - chemistry; Guoy’s method for determination of magnetic susceptibility; Calculation of magnetic moments; Magnetic properties of free ions; Orbital contribution, effect of ligand-field; Application of magneto-chemistry in structure determination; Magnetic exchange coupling and spin state cross over. Chapter 10. Metal Clusters: Structure and bonding in higher boranes; Wade’s rules; Carboranes; Metal carbonyl clusters - low nuclearity carbonyl clusters; Total electron count (TEC). Chapter 11. Metal-π Complexes: Metal carbonyls: structure and bonding; Vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structure elucidation; Important reactions of metal carbonyls; Preparation, bonding, structure and important reactions of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes; Tertiary phosphine as ligand.

GEORGE CHRISTOU Indiana University, Bloomington I am no doubt representative of a large number of current inorganic chemists in having obtained my undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in the 1970s. It was during this period that I began my continuing love affair with this subject, and the fact that it happened while I was a student in an organic laboratory is beside the point. I was always enchanted by the more physical aspects of inorganic chemistry; while being captivated from an early stage by the synthetic side, and the measure of creation with a small c that it entails, I nevertheless found the application of various theoretical, spectroscopic and physicochemical techniques to inorganic compounds to be fascinating, stimulating, educational and downright exciting. The various bonding theories, for example, and their use to explain or interpret spectroscopic observations were more or less universally accepted as belonging within the realm of inorganic chemistry, and textbooks of the day had whole sections on bonding theories, magnetism, kinetics, electron-transfer mechanisms and so on. However, things changed, and subsequent inorganic chemistry teaching texts tended to emphasize the more synthetic and descriptive side of the field. There are a number of reasons for this, and they no doubt include the rise of diamagnetic organometallic chemistry as the dominant subdiscipline within inorganic chemistry and its relative narrowness vis-d-vis physical methods required for its prosecution.