Compelling evidence that the events of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey took place in the Baltic and not the Mediterranean • Reveals how a climate change forced the migration of a people and their myth to ancient Greece • Identifies the true geographic sites of Troy and Ithaca in the Baltic Sea and Calypso's Isle in the North Atlantic Ocean For years scholars have debated the incongruities in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, given that his descriptions are at odds with the geography of the areas he purportedly describes. Inspired by Plutarch's remark that Calypso's Isle was only five days sailing from Britain, Felice Vinci convincingly argues that Homer's epic tales originated not in the Mediterranean, but in the northern Baltic Sea. Using meticulous geographical analysis, Vinci shows that many Homeric places, such as Troy and Ithaca, can still be identified in the geographic landscape of the Baltic. He explains how the dense, foggy weather described by Ulysses befits northern not Mediterranean climes, and how battles lasting through the night would easily have been possible in the long days of the Baltic summer. Vinci's meteorological analysis reveals how a decline of the "climatic optimum" caused the blond seafarers to migrate south to warmer climates, where they rebuilt their original world in the Mediterranean. Through many generations the memory of the heroic age and the feats performed by their ancestors in their lost homeland was preserved and handed down to the following ages, only later to be codified by Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey. Felice Vinci offers a key to open many doors that allow us to consider the age-old question of the Indo-European diaspora and the origin of the Greek civilization from a new perspective.

The following commentaries regard the edition of Latvian Dainas and Vedic Hymns, published in Latvian. This monograph presents a broadened scope and discussion of Baltic and Vedic languages

From its ancient incarnation as a song to recent translations in modern languages, Homeric epic remains an abiding source of inspiration for both scholars and artists that transcends temporal and linguistic boundaries. The Cambridge Guide to Homer examines the influence and meaning of Homeric poetry from its earliest form as ancient Greek song to its current status in world literature, presenting the information in a synthetic manner that allows the reader to gain an understanding of the different strands of Homeric studies. The volume is structured around three main themes: Homeric Song and Text; the Homeric World, and Homer in the World. Each section starts with a series of 'macropedia' essays arranged thematically that are accompanied by shorter complementary 'micropedia' articles. The Cambridge Guide to Homer thus traces the many routes taken by Homeric epic in the ancient world and its continuing relevance in different periods and cultures.

Homer is renowned as the finest of the storytellers who for countless generations passed down by word of mouth the myths and legends of Ancient Greece. Yet, for some 2500 years there have been persistent folk memories that his genius extended far beyond literature and that scientific knowledge was hidden in his stories of heroes and villains, gods and ghosts, monsters and witches. Research now reveals that at a time when the Greeks did not have a written script, Homer concealed an astonishing range of learning about calendar making and cycles of the sun, moon and planet Venus in the Odyssey, his epic of the Fall of Troy and the adventures of the warrior-king Odysseus.

Melas jumped down from the chariot and stabbed at the man's bleeding belly, so that the bowels became visible and the life breath left his body. He started pulling off the man's well-made armor in shiny leather, but a blow on his shield made him stop. Ialmenus's shadow fell over him. "Do you want revenge or is your mind rather filled with thoughts of booty?" Ialmenus hit his spear on Melas's shield again, and Melas stumbled over and fell on his knees beside the wounded man. He looked up at Ialmenus who was like a black shadow, with the copper-glowing sun in the back. "When Ilion has fallen, you can loot your enemies," said Ialmenus. "When you have killed the men who burned down the house of your father, who burned your mother and your sister." He turned away from Melas and disappeared in the glowing dust and mist. Nordic Bronze Age - a mythical era 3,600 years ago. A time when black ships sailed across the Baltic Sea, when the elite built their power on trade and looting. A time when blood and honor, cunning and shrewdness decided who was the most feared ruler of the all the coasts and islands.Melas has been taken care of by relatives since his family was killed in a Trojan attack. He grows up with his cousin Thoas who becomes his ally in his dream of revenge. Together they swear an oath that they one day, as grown warriors, will sack Troy - Ilion - and burn the city to the ground. When Agamemnon, the most powerful chieftain of the Danaans, calls warriors across the Baltic Sea to a joint attack against Ilion, they see their chance. Ilion is an epic tale about the world's most famous Bronze Age battle ever, the battle of Troy, but in a Nordic setting according to a new theory by Italian nuclear engineer Felice Vinci. Malena Lagerhorn depicts a heroic and glorious era 2,500 years before the Vikings. Ilion is her first book translated into English. "The day has come when my theory has come to life in a fiction novel in the country of the proud Achaeans!" Felice Vinci, author of The Baltic Origins of Homer's Epic Tales

This anthology is about the representations and uses of medieval saints, heroes, and heroic events as elements of popular, local, and national culture during the 19th and 20th centuries in the Baltic Sea region: Scandinavia, Finland, Baltic countries, Northern Germany and North-Western Russia. Authors examine the processes of how medieval saints and heroes have been remembered, commemorated, interpreted, used, and reflected during modernity, and by whom. The focus of the anthology is on "doing" memory as a practice that commemorated the past and shaped spaces and identities in the present. It approaches the memory of saints and heroes, for example, Swedish Saints Birgitta and Eric, Danish Saint Knud, Kyivan Princess Olga, Swedish military leader in Finland Tyrgils Knutsson, Liv/Latvian warrior Imanta and Holsatian count Gerhard III as a shared heritage and as part of national, local and popular culture. The anthology contributes to the understanding of the Baltic Sea region through the study of saints, cults and heroic representations in the longue durée between the Middle Ages and modernity. It also adds nuance to the use of popular concepts of memory studies, particularly an update of Pierre Nora's lieux de mémoire.