The Artificial Pancreas: Current Situation and Future Directions presents research on the top issues relating to the artificial pancreas (AP) and its application to diabetes. AP is a newer form of treatment to accurately and efficiently inject insulin, thereby significantly improving the patient’s quality of life. By connecting a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) to a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using a control algorithm, AP delivers and regulates the most accurate amount of insulin to maintain normal glycemic values. Featured chapters in this book are written by world leaders in AP research, thus providing readers with the latest studies and results. Focuses on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) that is primarily found in children and typically treated by means of a syringe or insulin pump Features research and results from top academic experimental groups, and from universities such as Harvard (USA), the University of Virginia (USA), the University of Padova (Italy), the University of Montpellier (France), and the Buenos Aires Institute of Technology (Argentina) Discusses clinical trials of AP from around the world, including the United States, the EU, Latin America, and Israel

This brief introduces recursive modeling techniques that take account of variations in blood glucose concentration within and between individuals. It describes their use in developing multivariable models in early-warning systems for hypo- and hyperglycemia; these models are more accurate than those solely reliant on glucose and insulin concentrations because they can accommodate other relevant influences like physical activity, stress and sleep. Such factors also contribute to the accuracy of the adaptive control systems present in the artificial pancreas which is the focus of the brief, as their presence is indicated before they have an apparent effect on the glucose concentration and so can be more easily compensated. The adaptive controller is based on generalized predictive control techniques and also includes rules for changing controller parameters or structure based on the values of physiological variables. Simulation studies and clinical studies are reported to illustrate the performance of the techniques presented.

Automated insulin delivery goes by many names: hybrid or full closed loop; artificial pancreas system (APS); "looping" and more. They are not all the same, though. You have choices, ranging from the type of pump body and CGM you want to use, to the algorithm and controller, to the interoperability and remote monitoring options, and more. Like switching from multiple daily injections to an insulin pump, switching from manual diabetes to automated insulin delivery has a learning curve. It's certainly one you can tackle. After all, you're already tackling type 1 diabetes! You already have the base knowledge and experience you need to succeed with a closed loop system, if it's right for you. But you might be wondering how to get ahead of your learning curve before you start or even choose an APS, or you've started and want to dig even deeper into optimizing how an automated insulin delivery system fits into your lifestyle. This book was written for you! It leverages the collective knowledge of the early adopters of do-it-yourself and commercial systems from the past five years and packages it into easy, understandable guides and lessons learned.In this book, you'll find new analogies to help you understand - and explain - this new method of diabetes management, and tips on how to communicate with your healthcare provider(s) about it. You'll see stories and examples from real families and individuals living with type 1 diabetes and how they benefit from artificial pancreas systems, and why they chose and continue to choose to use them. You'll be empowered to understand the basic components of artificial pancreas systems, how they work, and what questions to ask as you peruse your choices now and in the future. This book also includes a foreword by Aaron Kowalski, President and CEO of JDRF, and co-founder of the JDRF Artificial Pancreas Project. "I will immediately recommend this book not just to people looking to use a DIY closed loop system, but also to anybody looking to improve their grasp on the management of type 1 diabetes, whether patient, caregiver, or healthcare provider." - Aaron Neinstein, MD (Endocrinologist, UCSF)

An important resource that puts the focus on the chemical engineering aspects of biomedical engineering In the past 50 years remarkable achievements have been advanced in the fields of biomedical and chemical engineering. With contributions from leading chemical engineers, Biomedical Engineering Challenges reviews the recent research and discovery that sits at the interface of engineering and biology. The authors explore the principles and practices that are applied to the ever-expanding array of such new areas as gene-therapy delivery, biosensor design, and the development of improved therapeutic compounds, imaging agents, and drug delivery vehicles. Filled with illustrative case studies, this important resource examines such important work as methods of growing human cells and tissues outside the body in order to repair or replace damaged tissues. In addition, the text covers a range of topics including the challenges faced with developing artificial lungs, kidneys, and livers; advances in 3D cell culture systems; and chemical reaction methodologies for biomedical imagining analysis. This vital resource: Covers interdisciplinary research at the interface between chemical engineering, biology, and chemistry Provides a series of valuable case studies describing current themes in biomedical engineering Explores chemical engineering principles such as mass transfer, bioreactor technologies as applied to problems such as cell culture, tissue engineering, and biomedical imaging Written from the point of view of chemical engineers, this authoritative guide offers a broad-ranging but concise overview of research at the interface of chemical engineering and biology.

The thesis focuses on the control of blood glucose devices and design of implantable devices, and offers valuable insights on diabetes mellitus and related physiology and treatments. Diabetes mellitus is a widespread chronic disease in the modern world that affects millions of people around the globe. In Singapore, one in ten of the population has diabetes, and the severity of the problem has prompted the country’s prime minister to talk about the disease at the National Day Rally in 2017. Designing an artificial pancreas that can provide effective blood glucose control for individuals with diabetes is one of the most challenging engineering problems. The author reports on research into the development of an implantable artificial pancreas that can regulate blood glucose levels by delivering appropriate dosages of insulin when necessary. By sensing blood glucose and injecting insulin directly into the vein, the implantable device aims to remove delays that occur with subcutaneous blood glucose sensing and insulin delivery. Preliminary in-vitro and in-vivo experimental results suggest that the implantable device for blood glucose control could be a clinically viable alternative to pancreas transplant.