The Indian Arts and Crafts Act was enacted by Congress to prevent the fraudulent sale of arts and crafts as Indian-made when they are not. Seemingly benign in intent, the act creates false distinctions, argues Sheffield, about who or what is "Indian" or "Indian-made." "Indians" are defined by the act according only to their political status - as members of federally or state-recognized tribes, or as individuals certified by either. Excluded are artists-craftspeople who are Indian according to ancestry or sociocultural traits but not according to the statutory definition. The result, Sheffield claims, is an "arbitrary process that creates arbitrary effects.".

At the dawn of the twenty-first century, America finds itself on the brink of a new racial consciousness. The old, unquestioned confidence with which individuals can be classified (as embodied, for instance, in previous U.S. census categories) has been eroded. In its place are shifting paradigms and new norms for racial identity. Eva Marie Garroutte examines the changing processes of racial identification and their implications by looking specifically at the case of American Indians.

Arun Ferreira is from the East Indian community, the original Mumbaikars, whose villages became the localities of a sprawling metropolis. He graduated from the prestigious St. Xavier's College, Mumbai, and has been an activist since his student days. Ferreira is also a cartoonist whose drawings on social and political issues have appeared in various publications, as well as in student and worker magazines. Since his release in 2012, he continues to actively engage with issues of political prisoners, prison reforms and democratic rights. He is presently pursuing a degree in law and researching the history of the democratic rights movement in Mumbai

Yet India's poor are not disenfranchised; they actively participate in the democratic project.