This book chronicles the timeless service of Phi Mu Omega chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha from its humble beginnings as Ivy Omega Interest Group in 1998, to its chartering on January 15, 2000, to its present status as a thriving chapter living out the sorority's motto to be "Supreme in Service to All Mankind". This history book was a time-intensive and labor-intensive assignment for women who are already busy, career-minded, and community-service oriented , but it truly became a labor or love which International President Carolyn House Stewart requested of each chapter of the sorority. Without her directive, this book, in all certainty, would never have been written. The project has indelibly etched valuable lessons in the minds of the historian and chapter members--the need for archiving and documenting the chapter's programs, activities, events, and projects. The assignment also refocused attention on previous and current international initiatives issued by each international president. According to historian Earnestine Green McNealey, Ph.D., author of the sorority's definitive history book The Pearls of Alpha Kappa Alpha: A History of America's First Black Sorority, until the lion tells its own story, the story will always glorify the hunter. This project forced chapters across the United States and in other countries to tell our own stories from their perspectives and in the context of historical events and social issues facing the communities we serve. Hopefully, it also reinforced the raison d'etre for every member, every chapter, every region, and the international sisterhood. The beginning and evolving history of Phi Mu Omega is captured for generations of young women yet to come so that it might inspire and motivate them to become women with a desire to serve all mankind.

The rich history and social significance of the “Divine Nine” African American Greek-letter organizations is explored in this comprehensive anthology. In the long tradition of African American benevolent and secret societies, intercollegiate African American fraternities and sororities have strong traditions of fostering brotherhood and sisterhood among their members, exerting considerable influence in the African American community and being in the forefront of civic action, community service, and philanthropy. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Toni Morrison, Arthur Ashe, and Sarah Vaughn are just a few of the trailblazing members of these organizations. African American Fraternities and Sororities places the history of these organizations in context, linking them to other movements and organizations that predated them and tying their history to the Civil Rights movement. It explores various cultural aspects of the organizations, such as auxiliary groups, branding, calls, and stepping, and highlights the unique role of African American sororities.

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Includes names from the States of Alabama, Arkansas, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia, and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.