The structure and content of a contemporary second language textbook are intended to encourage the initiative learner activity and create proper conditions for its manifestation in the curriculum. This premise unreservedly accepted by the teaching community proposes a flexible approach to second language acquisition encouraging individual self-learning experience. Textbook Theory and Invariant Approaches to Language Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical scholarly publication that examines the structure and function of current second language learning curricula and classrooms. The book pursues three main objectives, which include (1) reconstruction of the general conceptual framework of textbook theory; (2) systematization of the invariant approach applications; and (3) production of a set of concepts, principles, rules, and regularities underlying the invariant-based text development. Featuring a wide range of topics such as learning patterns, proficiency, and communication, this book is ideal for education professionals, academicians, professionals, researchers, curriculum designers, and students.

Digitization has undergone a number of paradigm shifts where structures, processes, and behaviors have changed, including in education. Higher education faces major challenges both pedagogically and technically, but also provides great opportunities to design and teach for self-directed and motivated higher education with smart pedagogy. It is crucial that teachers identify the pedagogical and technological benefits to smart education in order to enhance student-centered learning. Virtual and Mobile Learning Activities in Higher Education is a pivotal reference source that focuses on virtual and mobile learning activities in higher education for student-centered learning and the ways that teachers can design and use different learning activities, both blended and mobile, for self-directed and motivated “smart” education. Additionally, the book examines how students perceive these activities and how the outcomes can be analyzed in use with adaptive, resource-enriched, and technology-embedded tools. Highlighting a broad range of topics including feedback activities, mobile learning, and self-assessment, this book is ideally designed for educators, curriculum developers, instructional designers, programmers, software developers, administrators, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students.

The challenge to improve second language acquisition efficiency has always been at the heart of education because a good command of a language provides new opportunities to manipulate information and apply acquired knowledge and skills to novel problems in new situations. Thus, there is a necessity for creating an alternative to either task-based or form-focused methods commonly employed in today’s instruction. An Invariant-Based Approach to Second Language Acquisition: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that elaborates on traditional 2L concepts and terms and provides new practical tools and mechanisms for developing student communicative competencies. Featuring research on topics such as syllabus design, language interpretation, and speech types, this book is ideally designed for educators, administrators, researchers, and academicians.

While there are many ways to collect information, students have trouble understanding how to employ various research methods effectively, since everyone learns and processes information differently. Instructing students on successfully using research methods is a continual challenge in education. The Handbook of Research on Students' Research Competence in Modern Educational Contexts is a scholarly resource that examines the critical analysis of the development of research competence in students. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics, such as educational technologies, cognitive interest, and research capacity, this book is geared towards academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on the development of research competence.

Child Development: Thinking About Theories is one of the few texts to critically examine both modern and postmodern cotnributions to theoretical development in child and adolescent psychology. The text has been written specifically taking into account the findings from a focus group of Honours psychology students to include pedagogical features such as an overview of theories linking the various schools of thought, ideas for further study and links to selected websites; as well as the latest developments in theoretical thinking including evolutionary theory, feminism and indigenous theory, and.

Information theory and inference, taught together in this exciting textbook, lie at the heart of many important areas of modern technology - communication, signal processing, data mining, machine learning, pattern recognition, computational neuroscience, bioinformatics and cryptography. The book introduces theory in tandem with applications. Information theory is taught alongside practical communication systems such as arithmetic coding for data compression and sparse-graph codes for error-correction. Inference techniques, including message-passing algorithms, Monte Carlo methods and variational approximations, are developed alongside applications to clustering, convolutional codes, independent component analysis, and neural networks. Uniquely, the book covers state-of-the-art error-correcting codes, including low-density-parity-check codes, turbo codes, and digital fountain codes - the twenty-first-century standards for satellite communications, disk drives, and data broadcast. Richly illustrated, filled with worked examples and over 400 exercises, some with detailed solutions, the book is ideal for self-learning, and for undergraduate or graduate courses. It also provides an unparalleled entry point for professionals in areas as diverse as computational biology, financial engineering and machine learning.