The structure and content of a contemporary second language textbook are intended to encourage the initiative learner activity and create proper conditions for its manifestation in the curriculum. This premise unreservedly accepted by the teaching community proposes a flexible approach to second language acquisition encouraging individual self-learning experience. Textbook Theory and Invariant Approaches to Language Learning: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a critical scholarly publication that examines the structure and function of current second language learning curricula and classrooms. The book pursues three main objectives, which include (1) reconstruction of the general conceptual framework of textbook theory; (2) systematization of the invariant approach applications; and (3) production of a set of concepts, principles, rules, and regularities underlying the invariant-based text development. Featuring a wide range of topics such as learning patterns, proficiency, and communication, this book is ideal for education professionals, academicians, professionals, researchers, curriculum designers, and students.

Digitization has undergone a number of paradigm shifts where structures, processes, and behaviors have changed, including in education. Higher education faces major challenges both pedagogically and technically, but also provides great opportunities to design and teach for self-directed and motivated higher education with smart pedagogy. It is crucial that teachers identify the pedagogical and technological benefits to smart education in order to enhance student-centered learning. Virtual and Mobile Learning Activities in Higher Education is a pivotal reference source that focuses on virtual and mobile learning activities in higher education for student-centered learning and the ways that teachers can design and use different learning activities, both blended and mobile, for self-directed and motivated “smart” education. Additionally, the book examines how students perceive these activities and how the outcomes can be analyzed in use with adaptive, resource-enriched, and technology-embedded tools. Highlighting a broad range of topics including feedback activities, mobile learning, and self-assessment, this book is ideally designed for educators, curriculum developers, instructional designers, programmers, software developers, administrators, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students.

The challenge to improve second language acquisition efficiency has always been at the heart of education because a good command of a language provides new opportunities to manipulate information and apply acquired knowledge and skills to novel problems in new situations. Thus, there is a necessity for creating an alternative to either task-based or form-focused methods commonly employed in today’s instruction. An Invariant-Based Approach to Second Language Acquisition: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that elaborates on traditional 2L concepts and terms and provides new practical tools and mechanisms for developing student communicative competencies. Featuring research on topics such as syllabus design, language interpretation, and speech types, this book is ideally designed for educators, administrators, researchers, and academicians.

Child Development: Thinking About Theories is one of the few texts to critically examine both modern and postmodern cotnributions to theoretical development in child and adolescent psychology. The text has been written specifically taking into account the findings from a focus group of Honours psychology students to include pedagogical features such as an overview of theories linking the various schools of thought, ideas for further study and links to selected websites; as well as the latest developments in theoretical thinking including evolutionary theory, feminism and indigenous theory, and.

Practice is a recurring and popular theme in language education. However, the concepts of practice and automatization have recently received renewed theoretical and practical interest and are increasingly being explored from the skill acquisition theory and cognitive psychology perspectives. In this volume, leading scholars discuss the optimal types, amounts, and schedules of practice for specific language structures and skills, as well as for various types of learners and learning contexts, to facilitate second language development. They illuminate how practice is instantiated for specific groups of teachers and learners in diverse institutionalized contexts, such as foreign language curriculum development, intelligent computer-assisted language learning systems, task-based language teaching, and study abroad. Furthermore, original methodological syntheses of extant research on practice and automatization are presented, along with guides for conducting empirical research on these topics. Practice and Automatization in Second Language Research: Perspectives from Skill Acquisition Theory and Cognitive Psychology is a valuable resource and reference for graduate students and researchers in the field of SLA and applied linguistics.