4e de couv.: Face à la ruée vers les terres (Land grab) et à la pression continue sur les ressources naturelles à l'échelle mondiale, comment réagissent les populations locales, en particulier les plus vulnérables d'entre elles comme les Aborigènes australiens ou les populations autochtones du Canada, du Mexique ou du Pérou ? Un congrès international auquel ont contribué des chercheurs partageant les paradigmes de l'anthropologie juridique a été organisé à l'initiative d'ISAIDAT à Turin (Italie), en avril 2011. Le tour de la planète auquel est convié le lecteur part des lagons polynésiens pour arriver aux Oasis algériennes. Outre une plateforme théorique, l'ouvrage propose en effet huit éclairages de situations en Océanie, dans l'Océan Indien, aux Amériques et en Afrique. Elles illustrent tant la contradiction des enjeux et la brutalité de certains modes d'exploitation de l'environnement que l'inventivité des femmes et des hommes qui relèvent le défi d'en maîtriser les ajustements contemporains. Au terme de cette publication, de nouveaux chantiers s'offrent à la recherche sur le foncier :• redécouvrir l'essence du juridique dans les sociétés précapitalistes,• aborder la sécurisation foncière comme un processus complexe de formalisation des droits sur le sol et en valider les solutions dans des forums locaux,• ne reconnaître la propriété privée que là où elle s'impose comme la règle de jeu du marché. Nous sommes donc appelés à réviser nos paradigmes pour sauver nos biens communs les plus précieux, « la terre et l'homme ».

While colonial imposition of the Canadian legal order has undermined Indigenous law, creating gaps and sometimes distortions, Indigenous peoples have taken up the challenge of rebuilding their laws, governance, and economies. Indigenous conceptions of land and property are central to this project. Creating Indigenous Property identifies how contemporary Indigenous conceptions of property are rooted in and informed by their societally specific norms, meanings, and ethics. Through detailed analysis, the authors illustrate that unexamined and unresolved contradictions between the historic and the present have created powerful competing versions of Indigenous law, legal authorities, and practices that reverberate through Indigenous communities. They have identified the contradictions and conflicts within Indigenous communities about relationships to land and non-human life forms, about responsibilities to one another, about environmental decisions, and about wealth distribution. Creating Indigenous Property contributes to identifying the way that Indigenous discourses, processes, and institutions can empower the use of Indigenous law. The book explores different questions generated by these dynamics, including: Where is the public/private divide in Indigenous and Canadian law, and why should it matter? How do land and property shape local economies? Whose voices are heard in debates over property and why are certain voices missing? How does gender matter to the conceptualization of property and the Indigenous legal imagination? What is the role and promise of Indigenous law in negotiating new relationships between Indigenous peoples and Canada? In grappling with these questions, readers will join the authors in exploring the conditions under which Canadian and Indigenous legal orders can productively co-exist.

Cet ouvrage aborde les transformations des territoires par les humains depuis le prisme des sciences sociales. Du Canada à l'Europe, en passant par l'Amérique latine, l'Asie et le Maghreb, les auteurs exposent, à partir d'études de cas documentées ou de recherches approfondies, des axes intrinsèquement liés : positionnement éthico-politique, données ethnographiques, la production théorique, implications politiques et, enfin, réflexions d'ordre épistémologique, méthodologique et heuristique.

This important volume focuses on the sensitive issue of interrelationships between national parks situated near or within urban areas and their urban environment. It engages with both urban and conservation issues and and compares four national parks located in four large cities in the global South: Rio de Janeiro, Cape Town, Mumbai, and Nairobi. Though primarily undertaken as academic research, the project has intensively collaborated with the institutions in charge of these parks. The comparative structure of this volume is also original and unique: each of the chapters incorporates insight from all four sites as far as possible.The term “naturbanity” expresses the necessity for cities endowed with a national park to integrate it into their functioning. Conversely, such parks must take into account their location in an urban environment, both as a source of heavy pressures on nature and as a nexus of incentives to support their conservation. The principle of non-exclusivity, that is, neither the city nor the park has a right nor even the possibility to negate the other’s presence, summarizes the main argument of this book. Naturbanity thus blurs the old “modern” dichotomy of nature/culture: animals and human beings can often jump the physical and ideological walls separating many parks from the adjacent city. The 13 chapters and substantive introduction of this volume discuss various aspects of naturbanity: the histories of park creation; interaction between people and parks; urban governance and parks; urban conservation models; wildlife management; environmental education; and so on. This is a must-read for students and researchers interested in social ecology, social geography, conservation, urban planning and ecological policy.

This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to the complicated power relations surrounding the recognition and implementation of Indigenous Peoples’ rights at multiple scales. The adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007 was heralded as the beginning of a new era for Indigenous Peoples’ participation in global governance bodies, as well as for the realization of their rights – in particular, the right to self-determination. These rights are defined and agreed upon internationally, but must be enacted at regional, national, and local scales. Can the global movement to promote Indigenous Peoples’ rights change the experience of communities at the local level? Or are the concepts that it mobilizes, around rights and political tools, essentially a discourse circulating internationally, relatively disconnected from practical situations? Are the categories and processes associated with Indigenous Peoples simply an extension of colonial categories and processes, or do they challenge existing norms and structures? This collection draws together the works of anthropologists, political scientists, and legal scholars to address such questions. Examining the legal, historical, political, economic, and cultural dimensions of the Indigenous Peoples' rights movement, at global, regional, national, and local levels, the chapters present a series of case studies that reveal the complex power relations that inform the ongoing struggles of Indigenous Peoples to secure their human rights. The book will be of interest to social scientists and legal scholars studying Indigenous Peoples’ rights, and international human rights movements in general.