Murphy surveys the different patterns of labor organizing across the region, showing how the discourse of moral reform provided skilled and unskilled workers with a common language, as well as compelling arguments with which to confront their employers. She examines how working-class moral reform movements such as the Washingtonians challenged the pretensions of middle-class piety, while labor activists went on to attack the paternalism which had shaped labor relations in New England. She argues that the language of religion and reform allowed women an entree into the labor movement of the 1840s, though some of these women reshaped the discourse to challenge traditional gender roles as they challenged their employers. Ten Hours' Labor sheds new light on a key chapter in the development of American labor and gender relations and will be essential reading for social and cultural historians as well as historians of religion.