This study sought to explore the experiences of teachers during Covid-19, their sense of morale, and the supports that were influential to that sense of morale. Three research questions were explored to better understand how teachers experienced teaching during Covid-19: (1) How do middle school teachers describe the experience of teaching during Covid-19?, (2) How do middle school teachers perceive their sense of morale during the Covid-19 pandemic?, and (3) What supports do these teachers describe as influential for their sense of morale? I conducted an exploratory, qualitative, single case study using semi-structured interviews of five participants selected in a purposeful sample. It was found that teachers experienced a number of challenges from March 2020 through May 2021 including ineffective communication and a lack of training, purchasing technology and materials out of pocket, a loss of control through technological difficulties and student disengagement. From August 2021 through May 2022 teachers experienced challenging student behaviors, loss of learning and social skills in students, and a significant learning loss in economically disadvantaged students which exacerbated inequity. An analysis of these five teachers' experiences and feelings during Covid-19 indicates that their sense of morale was fluid. All five participants had times when their state of morale could best be described as low; however, all five participants also had times when their state of morale could best be described as having mixed levels of morale. The positive influences on their state of morale varied by participant. Four of the five cited support from coworkers as a positive influence on morale. Another cited the relationships with their students and their love of teaching as positive influences. Another cited working from home as her safety needs were being met. Two of the participants cited student behaviors during the hybrid year. One of the two that cited student behaviors focused on the lack of negative student behavior. The other participant explained she had increased student engagement and smaller class sizes. The negative influences on their sense of morale included technological difficulties for all the participants at some point during hybrid learning or remote teaching, student disengagement, and lack of communication. All five also discussed the negative influence on their sense of morale from student behaviors once all students returned to in-person instruction. Another negative influence on three participants was a reduced sense of safety on campus when all students returned. Finally, teachers value both instructional and social-emotional support from their colleagues more than administrative support. Based on these findings, five recommendations are offered. First, it is recommended that districts plan for effective communication for a future crisis. Second, it is important to address student behaviors after a school closure due to a crisis ending to ensure learning is not interrupted. Third, it is essential to provide teachers with the technology needed to perform their jobs in remote and hybrid teaching. Fourth, the disproportionate learning opportunities for economically disadvantaged students need to be addressed by providing access to needed technology and online connectivity and communication with parents during remote learning and allocating additional resources to support their learning when they return to school. Finally, teacher collaboration should be promoted, and teacher leaders must be recognized and rewarded for their efforts to support their colleagues.

Topics include work-integrated learning (internships), student well-being, and students with disabilities. Also,it explores the impact on assessments and academic integrity and what analysis of online systems tells us. Preface ................................................................................................................................ ix Section I: Introduction .................................................. 1 Chapter 1: COVID-19 Emergency Education Policy and Learning Loss: A Comparative Study ............................................................................................................ 3 Athena Vongalis-Macrow, Denise De Souza, Clare Littleton, Anna Sekhar Section II: Student and Teacher Perspectives .............. 27 Chapter 2: Classrooms Going Digital – Evaluating Online Presence Through Students’ Perception Using Community of Inquiry Framework .............................. 29 Hiep Cong Pham, Phuong Ai Hoang, Duy Khanh Pham, Nguyen Hoang Thuan, Minh Nhat Nguyen Chapter 3: A Study of Music Education, Singing, and Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Music Teachers and Their Students in Hong Kong, China .......................................................................................................... 51 Wai-Chung Ho Hong Kong Baptist University Chapter 4: The Architectural Design Studio During a Pandemic: A Hybrid Pedagogy of Virtual and Experiential Learning .......................................................... 75 Cecilia De Marinis, Ross T. Smith Chapter 5: Enhancing Online Education with Intelligent Discussion Tools ........ 97 Jake Renzella, Laura Tubino, Andrew Cain, Jean-Guy Schneider Section III: Student Experience ................................... 115 Chapter 6: Australian Higher Education Student Perspectives on Emergency Remote Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic ............................................... 117 Christopher Cheong, Justin Filippou, France Cheong, Gillian Vesty, Viktor Arity Chapter 7: Online Learning and Engagement with the Business Practices During Pandemic ......................................................................................................................... 151 Aida Ghalebeigi, Ehsan Gharaie Chapter 8: Effects of an Emergency Transition to Online Learning in Higher Education in Mexico ..................................................................................................... 165 Deon Victoria Heffington, Vladimir Veniamin Cabañas Victoria Chapter 9: Factors Affecting the Quality of E-Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic From the Perspective of Higher Education Students ............................ 189 Kesavan Vadakalur Elumalai, Jayendira P Sankar, Kalaichelvi R, Jeena Ann John, Nidhi Menon, Mufleh Salem M Alqahtani, May Abdulaziz Abumelha Disabilities ................................................................. 213 Chapter 10: Learning and Working Online During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Wellbeing Literacy Perspective on Work Integrated Learning Students ............... 215 Nancy An, Gillian Vesty, Christopher Cheong Chapter 11: Hands-on Learning in a Hands-off World: Project-Based Learning as a Method of Student Engagement and Support During the COVID-19 Crisis .. 245 Nicole A. Suarez, Ephemeral Roshdy, Dana V. Bakke, Andrea A. Chiba, Leanne Chukoskie Chapter 12: Positive and Contemplative Pedagogies: A Holistic Educational Approach to Student Learning and Well-being ........................................................ 265 Sandy Fitzgerald (née Ng) Chapter 13: Taking Advantage of New Opportunities Afforded by the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study in Responsive and Dynamic Library and Information Science Work Integrated Learning .............................................................................. 297 Jessie Lymn, Suzanne Pasanai Chapter 14: Online Learning for Students with Disabilities During COVID-19 Lockdown ....................................................................................................................... 313 Mark Taylor Section V: Teacher Practice .......................................... 331 Chapter 15: From Impossibility to Necessity: Reflections on Moving to Emergency Remote University Teaching During COVID-19 ............................... 333 Mikko Rajanen Chapter 16: Business (Teaching) as Usual Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Online Teaching Practice in Hong Kong ......................................... 355 Tsz Kit Ng, Rebecca Reynolds, Man Yi (Helen) Chan, Xiu Han Li, Samuel Kai Wah Chu Chapter 17: Secondary School Language Teachers’ Online Learning Engagement during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia ......................................................... 385 Imelda Gozali, Anita Lie, Siti Mina Tamah, Katarina Retno Triwidayati, Tresiana Sari Diah Utami, Fransiskus Jemadi Chapter 18: Riding the COVID-19 Wave: Online Learning Activities for a Field-based Marine Science Unit ........................................................................................... 415 PF Francis Section VI: Assessment and Academic Integrity .......... 429 Chapter 19: Student Academic Integrity in Online Learning in Higher Education in the Era of COVID-19 .............................................................................................. 431 Carolyn Augusta, Robert D. E. Henderson Chapter 20: Assessing Mathematics During COVID-19 Times ............................ 447 Simon James, Kerri Morgan, Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio, Laura Tubino Chapter 21: Preparedness of Institutions of Higher Education for Assessment in Virtual Learning Environments During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Evidence of Bona Fide Challenges and Pragmatic Solutions ........................................................ 465 Talha Sharadgah, Rami Sa’di Section VII: Social Media, Analytics, and Systems ...... 487 Chapter 22: Learning Disrupted: A Comparison of Two Consecutive Student Cohorts ............................................................................................................................ 489 Peter Vitartas, Peter Matheis Chapter 23: What Twitter Tells Us about Online Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic ................................................................................................................... 503 Sa Liu, Jason R Harron

This heuristic phenomenological qualitative research study aimed to understand the educators' perceptions of their lived experience teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on teacher morale in the U.S. The theory guiding this study is Narrative Identity Theory, in which Dan McAdams proposed the first full theoretical model. This theory contributed significant awareness to the phenomenon studied when trying to understand the evaluative and emotional meaning expressed through the stories of the teachers. The essence of morale is understood more holistically considering the contribution of Narrative Identity Theory. Data was collected through online interviews on Microsoft Teams and analyzed using NVIVO to create codes and themes.

The purpose of this text is to elicit discussion, reflection, and action specific to pedagogy within education, especially higher education, and circles of experiential learning, community organizing, conflict resolution and youth empowerment work. Vulnerability itself is not a new term within education; however the pedagogical imperatives of vulnerability are both undertheorized in educational discourse and underexplored in practice. This work builds on that of Edward Brantmeier in Re-Envisioning Higher Education: Embodied Pathways to Wisdom and Transformation (Lin, Oxford, & Brantmeier, 2013). In his chapter, “Pedagogy of vulnerability: Definitions, assumptions, and application,” he outlines a set of assumptions about the term, clarifying for his readers the complicated, risky, reciprocal, and purposeful nature of vulnerability, particularly within educational settings. Creating spaces of risk taking, and consistent mutual, critical engagement are challenging at a moment in history where neoliberal forces impact so many realms of formal teaching and learning. Within this context, the divide between what educators, be they in a classroom or a community, imagine as possible and their ability to implement these kinds of pedagogical possibilities is an urgent conundrum worth exploring. We must consider how to address these disconnects; advocating and envisioning a more holistic, healthy, forward thinking model of teaching and learning. How do we create cultures of engaged inquiry, framed in vulnerability, where educators and students are compelled to ask questions just beyond their grasp? How can we all be better equipped to ask and answer big, beautiful, bold, even uncomfortable questions that fuel the heart of inquiry and perhaps, just maybe, lead to a more peaceful and just world? A collection of reflections, case studies, and research focused on the pedagogy of vulnerability is a starting point for this work. The book itself is meant to be an example of pedagogical vulnerability, wherein the authors work to explicate the most intimate and delicate aspects of the varied pedagogical journeys, understandings rooted in vulnerability, and those of their students, colleagues, clients, even adversaries. It is a work that “holds space.”

This book explores why veteran teachers choose to remain in the classroom, making teaching their life’s career. The authors felt compelled to interview veteran teachers to learn about their experiences, how they make meaning of their classrooms and schools, and in particular what can be known about the adversities they face and their resilience. Factors (individual and contextual) are uncovered that influence veteran teacher’s resiliency and adaptation from veteran teachers’ perspectives and the literature. Induction programs, professional development, and mentoring are also examined for their importance to the interviews and education. Features of this book include: Focuses on veteran teacher resilience and why veteran teachers choose to remain in the classroom and teaching profession Uses an interview method involving veteran teachers that illuminates issues of resiliency and retention from their perspective Highlights 15 narrative accounts of veteran teachers tailored to their perceptions, experiences, and strategies for navigating barriers and overcoming challenge Combines conceptual frameworks, research results, interventions, and strategies Connects implications of the study and suggestions for future research to practice and policy This book is for researchers interested in teacher resilience, particularly veteran teacher resilience and the study and development of it, as well as practitioners drawn to the same topic, with applicability to their fields. Anyone interested in resilience, particularly within demanding professional contexts and stressful situations, should find value. "The focus on teacher resilience is original and it is an important aspect of why teachers might choose to stay in the profession. Teacher resilience is understudied and should provide useful knowledge to policymakers and education leaders on how to improve working conditions and increase efficacy. So much ink is spilled extolling why teachers exit the profession--there is a dearth of research on why they stay, which in my opinion is even more important than why they leave. This book makes an important contribution to the literature and will hopefully inform policy making and inspire others to conduct research on the subject." Christopher H. Tienken, Associate Professor, Dept. of Education Leadership Management and Policy, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA "The topic is original. It seems there is much literature on new teachers and why they leave, but little on veteran teachers and why they stay. The topic and the reporting of the findings with suggestions for practices to be implemented in university programs as well as in K-12 schools is very useful. The format this book follows is actually a strong one for other researchers and students in doctoral programs." Sandra Harris, Professor Emerita, Educational Leadership, Lamar University, Beaumont, Texas, USA

This volume informs our understanding of how educational settings can respond to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Teaching has always been a challenging profession but the pandemic has added unprecedented levels of demands. Much of what we know about stress and trauma in education predates the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic recedes, it seems likely that recruiting and retaining teachers, always a challenge, will become even more difficult. This could not be worse for students, who face steep losses in their academic and socio-emotional progress after more than two years of pandemic-impacted schooling. The silver lining is that scholars who study the occupational health have spent the past several years studying the effect of the pandemic on teachers, which led us to edit this volume to collected what is known and have these experts explain how we can better support teachers in the future. This book documents the many impacts of the pandemic on the teaching profession, but also leverages research to chart a path forward. Part I examines the contours of stress, with a particular emphasis on COVID-19 impacts. These contributions range from parents’ achievement worries to compassion fatigue, and, more optimistically, how teachers cope. Part II examines pandemic impacts on pre-school teachers, in both the U.S. and in Australia. Given the social distancing in place during the pandemic, pre-school students and their teachers were under unique demands, as there is no substitute for the personal connection critical at that age. It is likely that students entering elementary school in the next few years will have work to do in their social skills. Part III focuses on mentoring and stress during the pandemic. Mentoring is an important part of teacher’s professional development, but the pandemic scrambled traditional forms of mentoring as all teachers were thrown into unfamiliar online technology. The final section of this book, Part IV, includes links between teacher stress and trauma during the pandemic. Clearly, with the ongoing nature of the pandemic, it is easy to see how trauma is likely to manifest in years to come. Readers of this book will better understand teacher demands, as well as the resources teachers will need going forward. Teachers made heroic efforts during the pandemic to help their students both academically and personally. We owe to them to learn from research during the pandemic that points to the way to a healthier occupational future.

Beat burnout with time-saving best practices for feedback For ELA teachers, the danger of burnout is all too real. Inundated with seemingly insurmountable piles of papers to read, respond to, and grade, many teachers often find themselves struggling to balance differentiated, individualized feedback with the one resource they are already overextended on—time. Matthew Johnson offers classroom-tested solutions that not only alleviate the feedback-burnout cycle, but also lead to significant growth for students. These time-saving strategies built on best practices for feedback help to improve relationships, ignite motivation, and increase student ownership of learning. Flash Feedback also takes teachers to the next level of strategic feedback by sharing: How to craft effective, efficient, and more memorable feedback Strategies for scaffolding students through the meta-cognitive work necessary for real revision A plan for how to create a culture of feedback, including lessons for how to train students in meaningful peer response Downloadable online tools for teacher and student use Moving beyond the theory of working smarter, not harder, Flash Feedback works deeper by developing practices for teacher efficiency that also boost effectiveness by increasing students’ self-efficacy, improving the clarity of our messages, and ultimately creating a classroom centered around meaningful feedback.