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Excerpt from Studies in Ichthyology: A Monographic Review of the Family of Atherinidae or Silversides The present paper contains a review of the genera, with an annotated list of the known species, of the fishes of the family Atherinidaj, known as "Silversides" in the eastern United States; as "Hardyheads" in Australia; as "Joel," "Sauclet," etc., in France; "Epscto" and "Lattarina" in Italy, and throughout Latin America as "Fishes of the King" (Pesce-re, Peixe-rei, Pexerey, Pescado del Rey, Peje-rei, Peje-rcy, Pejerrey). The majority of the species are tropical, though many are found within the temperate zones. Some arc marine living along sandy shores, some in the sluggish estuaries of rivers, a few in mountain torrents, or lakes; seldom in muddy water. None are known from the depths of the ocean: they arc closely confined everywhere, both to the surface and to the shoreline. The species are usually small, the tropical ones almost uniformly so, attaining a length of from two to six inches; in the temperate regions of the New World some reach a length of between one and two feet. For more than seventy-five years after the tenth edition of the Systema Nature was published, Atherina remained the only named genus of its group. The first generic divisions were made by Bonaparte in 1837; by Swainson, in 1839; by Bleckcr, in 1853; and by Girard, in 1854. In his Catalogue, however, Gunther (1861) recognized but two genera, Atherina and an unnatural assemblage for which he chose the name Atherinichthys. Since that time, however, numerous genera have been described. In the present review, we accept 38 genera and two subgenera as valid. Similarly most of the species remained long unknown. Linnaeus knew but one, Atherina hepsetus. Valenciennes in 1835 listed 28 species; Gunther in 1861 described but 38. Considering only the North and Middle American species, Jordan and Evermann in 1896 accepted 34. We now list 149 species and subspecies. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.