This volume is a comprehensive presentation of analytical theory and real-world practical solutions. It clearly illustrates updated approaches that plant managers and performance engineers can use in judging condenser performance and in making maintenance decisions. The author examines current methods for modeling, diagnosing and improving condenser performance. He describes how to calculate heat transfer coefficients, provides details of the recent ASME Power Test Code PTC 12.2-1998, and explains the significance of heat transfer coefficients in measuring the overall performance of an operating condenser. Further discussion includes condenser cleaning schedules that save money and reduce CO2 emissions, diagnostic methods that help unit operators pinpoint problem areas, monitoring techniques that help predict the onset of tube fouling and deposit accumulation, and proper methods of tube plugging. New topic areas are also explored: assigning a dollar amount and excess carbon emissions to condenser fouling; methods for estimating cooling water flow rate;and performance analysis for multicompartment condensers.

Vacuum systems are in wide spread use in the petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries and power generation plants. The existing texts on this subject are theoretical in nature and only deal with how the equipment functions when in good mechanical conditions, from the viewpoint of the equipment vendor. Also, the existing texts fail to consider the interaction of the vacuum system with the process equipment it serves and the variability of the motive steam conditions, change in cooling water temperature condenser fouling and erosion of the ejectors. Here are some of the many questions answered in this groundbreaking volume: Why does my first stage jet make a surging sound during hot weather? Why does the vacuum suddenly break? I've seen moisture condensing on the jet's body! What’s causing that? Why do I have to steam-out the drain legs from our condensers? Superheated steam is making our vacuum worse. Is this normal? How can I locate and measure air leaks? Reducing the steam pressure to my jets improves vacuum. But why? I can't pull the pre-condenser bundle. The shell side is fouling. What should I do? We're not getting our normal horsepower from our steam turbine. Could this be a jet problem? Raising the seal drum level improves vacuum! Is there an explanation for this? Our turbine exhaust steam pressure to our surface condenser has doubled in the last two years. What should we do? Restricting cooling water flow from our elevated condensers improves vacuum! Is this possible? What's a converging-diverging ejector all about? What's the difference between a barometric condenser and a surface condenser? Which is better?

This is a convenient, one-volume reference that provides process engineers with quick information on the major equipment, processes and materials used in chemical, food, water/wastewater, fuel and other types of process engineering. The data is presented in short articles, supplemented and illustrated by tables, diagrams, charts and formulas. The data is organized in twenty short chapters with a detailed index for easy reference. Much of the data is economically presented in tables.

Two-phase flow heat exchangers are vital components of systems for power generation, chemical processing, and thermal environment control. The art and science of the design of such heat exchangers have advanced considerably in recent years. This is due to better understanding of the fundamentals of two-phase flow and heat transfer in simple geometries, greater appreciation of these processes in complex goemetries, and enhanced predictive capability through use of complex computer codes. The subject is clearly of great fundamental and practical importance. The NATO ASIan Thermal-Hydraulic Fundamentals and Design of Two-Phase Flow Heat Exchangers was held in Povoa de Varzim (near Porto), Portugal, July 6-17, 1987. participating in the organization of" the ASI were the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Clean Energy Research Institute, University of Miami; Universidade do Porto; and the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Eng ineer ing, and Mechanics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The ASI was arranged primarily as a high-level teaching activity by experts representing both academic and industrial viewpoints. The program included the presentation of invited lectures, a limited number of related technical papers and discussion sessions.

This comprehensive volume provides a complete, authoritative, up-to-date reference for all aspects of power plant engineering. Coverage ranges from engineering economics to coal and limestone handling, from design processes to plant thermal heat balances. Both theory and practical applications are covered, giving engineers the information needed to plan, design, construct, upgrade, and operate power plants. Power Plant Engineering is the culmination of experience of hundreds of engineers from Black & Veatch, a leading firm in the field for more than 80 years. The authors review all major power generating technologies, giving particular emphasis to current approaches. Special features of the book include: * More than 1000 figures and lines drawings that illustrate all aspects of the subject. * Coverage of related components and systems in power plants such as turbine-generators, feedwater heaters, condenser, and cooling towers. * Definitions and analyses of the features of various plant systems. * Discussions of promising future technologies. Power Plant Engineering will be the standard reference in the professional engineer's library as the source of information on steam power plant generation. In addition, the clear presentation of the material will make this book suitable for use by students preparing to enter the field.