Changes in the transportation system have a large influence on urban development patterns. The lacation, type, and intensity of urban land uses also affet the urban street and highway system. Various federal and state initiatives have been taken to more closely link trasportation and land use. These include the following: The Traffic Congestion Management System (CMS) mandated by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). The CMS regulators specifically state that state and local agencies must address existing congestion and avoid potential future congestion. This clearly implies that the impact of land use and development decisions on transportation must be more effectively addressed than in the past. State-manadated growth management requirements such as those in Oregon, Washington, Florida, and Vermont. State-manadated local planning which must meet state criteria as those in Florida, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Oregon. State-mandated congestion management which requires that the impact of proposed development must be assessed and provides penalties if development that degrades congestion is approved by a local government (California). Access management practicies administered by the state highway agency which are designed to protect the public investment in major state roadways (Colorado, Florida, and New Jersey). In order to address traffic congestion problems, many municipaltiies have implemented travel demand ordinances which are intended to reduce drive-alone auto use and encourage ridesharing and transit. In other locations, such requirements have been, or are being, implemented in response to federal clean air requirements.

The transportation sector is faced with new legislative mandates as reflected by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991. ISTEA, coupled with the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990, provides an impetus for change in transportation planning and project implementation. Statewide transportation planning is one of the mechanisms for change that ISTEA provides. Statewide transportation plans integrate planning for multiple transport modes to balance the mobility needs of the state with future revenue sources. To support this requirement, FHWA and FTA have issued statewide transportation planning rules. These rules identify twenty-three factors to be addressed in statewide plans. The case studies included in this report demonstrate examples of coordination.