Level A Spelling Mastery Student Workbook guides your students as they develop and master the spelling skills they need for educational success.

Judy Bieber explores the relationship between state centralization and municipal politics in Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the Imperial Period, 1822?89. She charts the nineteenth-century origins of coronelismo, a form of machine politics that linked rural power and patronage at the municipal level to state and federal politics. ø By highlighting the structural role of the municipality within the political system, Bieber provides a key to explaining Brazil?s so-called exceptionalism?its ability to maintain territorial and political cohesion within the framework of a constitutional monarchy instead of fragmenting violently, as did many Spanish republics. ø Despite the maintenance of national unity, political violence characterized much of Brazil?s political history, especially in the municipalities of its frontier regions. Historians have often attributed the chaotic nature of these politics to geographical isolation and decentralization of power. Bieber challenges these assumptions, arguing instead that state centralization was the primary factor contributing to political violence in Brazil?s frontier regions. ø The Brazilian national government centralized appointments of municipal authorities, thereby linking partisan affiliation on the periphery with provincial and national political parties. Local appointees corrupted and abused the mechanisms of social control in order to attain electoral victories for political patrons who had rewarded them with official jobs. This system produced escalating violence and promoted judicial impunity at the municipal level while simultaneously creating political stability at the provincial and federal levels. ø National discourse attributed political violence to a natural tendency possessed by rural elites in the uncivilized backlands. Municipal actors, however, belied prevailing stereotypes of ideological passivity and intellectual backwardness. In the press and in private correspondence they actively sought to define the terms of their political participation, developing their own conceptions of liberalism and ethical norms of political patronage.

A six-level spelling series designed primarily for students in grades 1-6.

Spelling Mastery Student Workbook Level C guides your students as they develop and master the spelling skills they need for educational success.

Spelling Workout has all the components you need to lead students from simple sound-letter relationships to more complex spelling patterns. Students learn spelling skills based on phonics through unique, cross-curricular reading passages, practice, and high-interest writing activities. Packed with flexible lessons, motivating activites, including fun riddles and puzzles, this dynamic program leads students to spelling success! The Teacher's Edition: Provides detailed lesson plans for either a 3-day or 5-day plan. Offers strategy activities for reinforcing and analyzing spelling patterns. Includes Dictation Sentences for a Pretest and Final Replay Test. Suggests tips for meeting the needs of English language learners. Features Take-It Home masters to help foster home involvement. Follows the same scope and sequence of MCP "Plaid" Phonics.

Spelling Mastery Teacher Materials include: 1 Teacher Presentation Book 1 Copy of the Instructional Software (Single Instructor Version) N.B. Software is not essential to the running of the program. Software accompanying the Spelling Mastery Teacher Presentation Books is not compatible with systems later than either Windows 2000 or XP, or Mac OS X 10.4.

Give your second grader a fun-filled way to build and reinforce spelling skills. Spectrum Spelling for grade 2 provides progressive lessons in contractions, vowel sounds, compound words, word endings, and dictionary skills. This exciting language arts workbook encourages children to explore spelling with brainteasers, puzzles, and more! --DonÕt let your childÕs spelling skills depend on spellcheck and autocorrect. Make sure they have the knowledge and skills to choose, apply, and spell words with confidenceÐand without assistance from digital sources. Complete with a spellerÕs dictionary, a proofreaderÕs guide, and an answer key, Spectrum Spelling offers the perfect way to help children strengthen this important language arts skill.