The transition crossing is space charge dominated in the Fermilab Booster. Since the longitudinal space charge forces are defocusing below transition and focusing above transition, they generate the mismatch at transition, which causes the longitudinal emittance growth above transition. It's proved by numerical simulation that such mismatch can be partially compensated by a particular radial motion at transition, which is operationally favored by the high intensity beam. The transition crossing in Booster is space charge dominated. Usually, the nonlinear chromatic effect can cause the emittance growth during transition because particles with different energies cross transition at different times. The transition time is set by the synchronous particle; below transition, particles with positive energies relative to the synchronous particle become unstable since they are in the wrong phase, and above transition, particles with negative energies are unstable. The dependence of the transition energy upon the momentum deviation can be adjusted via different sextupole corrector settings such that the emittance growth due to the chromatic nonlinear effect can be greatly reduced. Fortunately, at the corrector setting of I{sub sextl} = -97 A and I{sub sexts} = 97 A, the dependence can be removed, see Figure 1. Space charge forces are mainly responsible for the longitudinal emittance growth at transition.

A transition-jump system recently installed in the Fermilab Booster is described. Early results of the commissioning are presented. 13 refs., 7 figs.

The Fermilab Booster accelerates beam from 400 MeV to 8 GeV at 15 Hz. In the PIP (Proton Improvement Plan) era, it is required that Booster deliver 4.2 x $10^$ protons per pulse to extraction. One of the obstacles for providing quality beam to the users is the longitudinal quadrupole oscillation that the beam suffers from right after transition. Although this oscillation is well taken care of with quadrupole dampers, it is important to understand the source of these oscillations in light of the PIP II requirements that require 6.5 x $10^$ protons per pulse at extraction. This paper explores the results from machine studies, computer simulations and solutions to prevent the quadrupole oscillations after transition.

Although particle accelerators are the book's main thrust, it offers a broad synoptic description of beams which applies to a wide range of other devices such as low-energy focusing and transport systems and high-power microwave sources. Develops material from first principles, basic equations and theorems in a systematic way. Assumptions and approximations are clearly indicated. Discusses underlying physics and validity of theoretical relationships, design formulas and scaling laws. Features a significant amount of recent work including image effects and the Boltzmann line charge density profiles in bunched beams.

This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.

This book explains the fascinating world of quarks and leptons and the forces that govern their behavior. Told from an experimental physicist's perspective, it forgoes mathematical complexity, using instead particularly accessible figures and apt analogies. In addition to the story of quarks and leptons, which are regarded as well-accepted fact, the author (who is a leading researcher at one of the world's highest energy particle physics laboratories) also discusses mysteries at both the experimental and theoretical frontiers, before tying it all together with the exciting field of cosmology and indeed the birth of the universe itself.

Particle Accelerator Physics covers the dynamics of relativistic particle beams, basics of particle guidance and focusing, lattice design, characteristics of beam transport systems and circular accelerators. Particle-beam optics is treated in the linear approximation including sextupoles to correct for chromatic aberrations. Perturbations to linear beam dynamics are analyzed in detail and correction measures are discussed, while basic lattice design features and building blocks leading to the design of more complicated beam transport systems and circular accelerators are studied. Characteristics of synchrotron radiation and quantum effects due to the statistical emission of photons on particle trajectories are derived and applied to determine particle-beam parameters. The discussions specifically concentrate on relativistic particle beams and the physics of beam optics in beam transport systems and circular accelerators such as synchrotrons and storage rings. This book forms a broad basis for further, more detailed studies of nonlinear beam dynamics and associated accelerator physics problems, discussed in the subsequent volume.