On May 18th, 1991, Somaliland embarked on a new path in order to manage its own destiny as a sovereign state and for 20 years the people of Somaliland have demonstrated their strong commitment in achieving the goal of independence through democratic values and a rejection of extremism; four peaceful and fair parliamentary and presidential elections, as well as a popular referendum have been held. In addition the local economy shows signs of hope, and the already announced forthcoming presence of international banks in the country will further help Somaliland to trade with the world. This first volume of Somaliland – the way forward documents the recent advances in Somaliland in peace, development, good governance and economic revival. A number of critical issues, including the state of law and order, justice and rights, national planning, democracy and political maturity all built on the centuries-old traditions of a nomadic Muslim society are explored.

The authors of this edited volume present a case for why locally led peacebuilding matters and how it can have measurable and meaningful impact, even beyond preventing political violence. This book contributes a set of local voices to a global problem – how to prevent armed conflict and lead to lasting peace. The authors argue that locally led peacebuilding by community based organizations (both formal and informal) plays a crucial role in preventing violence and cultivating peace, one that is complementary to peacebuilding work done by local, state, and national governments within countries and between nation-states. Through the case studies presented, Locally Led Peacebuilding presents evidence for how and why locally led peacebuilding can prevent violence, and invites practitioners and scholars to critically examine the implications of locally led initiatives. From these examples, we all have an opportunity to learn about creating, implementing, researching, and funding locally led peacebuilding.

This book proposes and tests a ‘theory of separatism’ to determine if there are key commonalities as to why separatist movements rise and what fuels them. In the post-Cold War period separatism has been on the rise. Today, there are more than 100 active separatist movements, with around 70 of them engaging in violence. This book focuses on examples from Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia to highlight the commonalities found across the case studies. It examines the idea of separatism, to better understand what drives movements to break away from preexisting states; demonstrates the factors which produce both violent separatism and the rise of armed non-state actors; and shows the options for the resolution of such conflict, based on considering claims for separatism from the perspectives of separatist movements. This book will be applicable for undergraduate and postgraduate students of International Relations and International Politics as well as Conflict/Peace Studies, Anthropology and Post-Colonial Studies.

This title was first published in 2002: Examining the recent phenomenon in conflicts in Africa, this text addresses situations where African states and African military intervene in conflicts either in neighbouring states or beyond. While this trend has been widely observed, this is the first in-depth research that deals with such issues. It breaks new ground in identifying the key issues, actors and actions, and includes analysis of military capacities of African states and the way in which armies are used, including the increasing role of private security companies and mercenaries. The changing attitudes among members of the OAU are examined, in particular the increasing acceptance of interventionism and the blurring of boundaries. The most significant cases of intervention are examined together with less well-documented examples such as Lesotho and Guinea Bissau. This engaging account makes for a compelling resource for academics and practitioners alike.

This is a regimental history with a difference, one that is bound up with the history of the British Empire in Africa and the extension and development of British rule in the territories of Somaliland, British East Africa (redesignated Kenya from July 1920), Uganda, Nyasaland and, after 1918, Tanganyika (previously German East Africa). These were the territories that were the recruiting grounds for the KAR to which officers from the British Army were seconded - there were no permanent commissions in the KAR unlike the Indian Army which had its own officer structure. No regiment has ever been more intimately connected with the territory through which it marched and fought, or with the peoples from which it was recruited. It was a unique regiment. The author has arranged the book in five parts: The Campaigns of the Early Regiments; The Consolidation of the Regiment, 1901-1914; The East Africa Campaign, 1914-1918; Internal Security and Reorganization 1914-1939; and The War of 1939-1945. The story begins with the political background to the British administration in East and Central Africa up to the close of the nineteenth century. During the last decade of that century three regiments were formed which were the forerunners of the K.A.R - The Central African Regiment, The Uganda Rifles and the East African Rifles. These saw action in various expeditions and campaigns, in Mauritius, Somaliland, The Ashanti War, The Gambia Expedition, Expeditions against the Nandi and others. On 1 January 1902 the King's African Rifles came into being, incorporating the original regiments as battalions, six battalions: 1st and 2nd (Central Africa); 3rd (East Africa); 4th and 5th (Uganda) and 6th (Somaliland) Battalions. The total strength was returned as 4,683 officers and men, including 104 British officers. For the new regiment the main operations before WWI were the campaigns against the Mad Mullah of Somaliland involving four expeditions; he wasn't finally seen off until 1920. During the Great War there were 21 battalions and at peak strength in July 1918 the K.A.R. numbered 1,193 officers, 1,497 British NCOs and 30,658 Africans; casualties amounted to 5,117 with a further 3,039 died of disease. The regiment’s part in the campaign against von Lettow-Vorbeck in East Africa is fully described. The regiment was again in action during WWII taking part in three separate campaigns: the defeat of the Italians in Somalia and Abyssinia; the occupation of Madagascar against the opposition of the Vichy French; and the reconquest of Burma when, for the first time, K.A.R. battalions fought outside the continent of Africa. This must be one of the best regimental histories ever written.

2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. Somalia Recent Economic and Political Developments Yearbook

Much analysis of state building focusses on dissecting specific projects and attempting to identify what has gone ‘wrong’ in states such as Afghanistan and Iraq. What draws less attention is what has gone ‘right’ in non-interventionist statebuilding projects within 'unrecognised’ states. By examining this model in more depth a more successful model of statebuilding emerges in which the end goal of modern democracy and good governance are more likely to be realized. Indeed 'states-within-states’ such as Somaliland where external intervention in the statebuilding process is largely absent can provide vital new lessons.