Software Diversity is one of the fault-tolerance means to achieve dependable systems. In this volume, some experimental systems as well as real-life applications of software diversity are presented. The history, the current state-of-the-art and future perspectives are given. Although this technique is used quite successfully in industrial applications, further research is necessary to solve some open questions. We hope to report on new results and applications in another volume of this series within some years. Acknowledgements The idea of the workshop was put forward by the chairpersons of IFIP WG lOA, J. -c. Laprie, J. F. Meyer and Y. Tohma, in January 1986, and the edi tor of this volume was asked to organize the workshop. This volume was edited with the assistance of the editors of the series, A. AviZienis, H. Kopetz and J. -C. Laprie, who also had the function of reviewers. Karlsruhe, October 1987 U. Voges, Editor Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Introduction U. Voges 2. Railway Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ERICSSON Safety System for Railway Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 G. Hagelin 3. Nuclear Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Use of Diversity in Experimental Reactor Safety Systems . 29 U. Voges The PODS Diversity Experiment . 51 P. G. Bishop 4. Flight Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 AIRBUS and ATR System Architecture and Specification. . 95 P. Traverse 5. University Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Tolerating Software Design Faults in a Command and Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 T. Anderson, P. A. Barrett, D. N. Halliwell, M. R. Moulding DEDIX 87 - A Supervisory System for Design Diversity Experiments at UCLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Safety of Computer Control Systems is a collection of papers from the Proceedings of the IFAC Workshop, held in Stuttgart, Germany on May 16-18, 1979. This book discusses the inherent problems in the hardware and software application of computerized control to automated systems safeguarding human life, property, and the environment. The papers discuss more specific concerns, such as railway systems, aircraft landing systems, nuclear power stations, chemical reactors, elevators, and cranes. The book also describes the safety and reliability of complex industrial computer systems together with an example showing the application of computers in power plants. One paper presents guidelines in documenting safety related computer systems that will help various parties who are involved in their purchase and operation. Another paper discusses how to detect failures in microcomputer systems such as memory violations and invalid operation code detectors. This book then concludes by discussing the necessity of inspecting process computers used in nuclear power plants, especially when computers are used in reactor protection, control rod, and authentication of log-in systems. This collection can be of interest for students of programming, process-computer analysts, heads of computer technology departments and institutions, and lecturers in industrial computer programming and design.

Look to this innovative resource for the most comprehensive coverage of software fault tolerance techniques available in a single volume. It offers you a thorough understanding of the operation of critical software fault tolerance techniques and guides you through their design, operation and performance. You get an in-depth discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of specific techniques, so you can decide which ones are best suited for your work. The book examines key programming techniques such as assertions, checkpointing, and atomic actions, and provides design tips and models to assist in the development of critical fault tolerant software that helps ensure dependable performance. From software reliability, recovery, and redundancy... to design and data diverse software fault tolerance techniques, this practical reference provides detailed insight into techniques that can improve the overall dependability of your software.

Safety Aspects of Computer Control focuses on the increased usage of computers and safety procedures for the control of their applications. The selection first elaborates on software in safety-related systems, regulatory issues, and legal liability. Topics cover product liability, liability under the contract law, liability under the law of negligence, methods of ensuring safety, some aspects of regulation of software safety, purpose and principles of regulation, and direct regulation. The book then examines standardization efforts worldwide; real-time software requirements specification and animation using extended Petri nets; and independent software verification and validation in practice. Discussions focus on verification and validation principles, organizational principles, specification language, extended Petri nets environment, history of software standards, and standardization work realized through ISO or IEC. The manuscript takes a look at design and licensing of safety-related software, fault-tolerant control for safety, and use and relevance for the development of safety-critical systems. Concerns include formal methods in the safety-critical systems life cycle, random and systematic failures, hardware and systematic failures, and software quality standards. The book is highly recommended for computer science experts and researchers interested in the safety aspects of computer control.

The market for safe, secure and reliable computer systems is expanding continuously and these Proceedings provide an opportunity to review the growth during the last decade and identify skills and technologies required for continued development in the area. The papers cover the experiences gained from specifying, creating, operating, and licensing computers in safety, security and reliability related applications. There are reviews of guidelines and industrial applications, with a section covering methods and tools used in designing, documenting, analysing, testing and assessing systems dependent on the SAFECOMP factors.

A team of recognized experts leads the way to dependable computing systems With computers and networks pervading every aspect of daily life, there is an ever-growing demand for dependability. In this unique resource, researchers and organizations will find the tools needed to identify and engage state-of-the-art approaches used for the specification, design, and assessment of dependable computer systems. The first part of the book addresses models and paradigms of dependable computing, and the second part deals with enabling technologies and applications. Tough issues in creating dependable computing systems are also tackled, including: * Verification techniques * Model-based evaluation * Adjudication and data fusion * Robust communications primitives * Fault tolerance * Middleware * Grid security * Dependability in IBM mainframes * Embedded software * Real-time systems Each chapter of this contributed work has been authored by a recognized expert. This is an excellent textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science, as well as a must-have reference that will help engineers, programmers, and technologists develop systems that are secure and reliable.

Safety of Computer Control Systems 1985 (Safecomp '85): Achieving Safe Real Time Computer Systems presents the proceedings of the Fourth IFAC Workshop, held in Como, Italy, on October 1–3, 1985. This book discusses a wide range of topics ranging from direct process control through robotics to operator assistance. Organized into 28 chapters, this compilation of papers begins with an overview of the implementation of atomic actions by means of concurrent programming constructs. This text then examines the safety-related applications that usually demand the provision of redundant resources within the system. Other chapters consider the safe performance of an industrial robot system that relies on several factors. This book discusses as well the increasing demand for Computer Assisted Decision Making (CADM) both in engineering and service industries. The final chapter deals with the ways of reducing the effects of an error introduced during the design of a program. This book is a valuable resource for software engineers.