The use of computers in cartography has made it a lot easier for map makers to transform data from one map projection to another and experiment with alternative representations of geographical data. Yet this has also created new challenges and opportunities for map projection scientists. Small Scale Map Projection Design focuses on numerical map pr

The use of computers in cartography has made it easier for map makers to transform data from one map projection to another and experiment with alternative representations of geographical data. This has created new challenges and opportunities for map projection scientists. Small Scale Map Projection Design focuses on numerical map projection research and is written from the perspective of the map projection user. It demonstrates how advances in the measurement of map projection distortion and in the development of low error map projections can help map makers decide what type of map projection is best for their purpose, and shows how they can eventually design their own map projections.

This book offers a much-needed critical approach to the intelligent use of the wide variety of map projections that are rapidly and inexpensively available today. It also discusses the distortions that are immanent in any map projection. A well-chosen map projection is one in which extreme distortions are smaller than those in any other projection used to map the same area and in which the map properties match its purpose. Written by leading experts in the field, including W. Tobler, F.C. Kessler, S.E. Battersby, M.P. Finn, K.C. Clarke, V.S. Tikunov, H. Hargitai, B. Jenny and N. Frančula. This book is designed for use by laymen. The book editors are M. Lapaine and E.L. Usery, Chair and Vice-Chair, respectively, of the ICA Commission on Map Projections for the period 2011-2015.

This new Handbook unites cartographic theory and praxis with the principles of cartographic design and their application. It offers a critical appraisal of the current state of the art, science, and technology of map-making in a convenient and well-illustrated guide that will appeal to an international and multi-disciplinary audience. No single-volume work in the field is comparable in terms of its accessibility, currency, and scope. The Routledge Handbook of Mapping and Cartography draws on the wealth of new scholarship and practice in this emerging field, from the latest conceptual developments in mapping and advances in map-making technology to reflections on the role of maps in society. It brings together 43 engaging chapters on a diverse range of topics, including the history of cartography, map use and user issues, cartographic design, remote sensing, volunteered geographic information (VGI), and map art. The title’s expert contributions are drawn from an international base of influential academics and leading practitioners, with a view to informing theoretical development and best practice. This new volume will provide the reader with an exceptionally wide-ranging introduction to mapping and cartography and aim to inspire further engagement within this dynamic and exciting field. The Routledge Handbook of Mapping and Cartography offers a unique reference point that will be of great interest and practical use to all map-makers and students of geographic information science, geography, cultural studies, and a range of related disciplines.

Map projection concerns the science of mathematical cartography, the techniques by which the Earth's dimensions, shape and features are translated in map form, be that two-dimensional paper or two- or three- dimensional electronic representations. The central focus of this book is on the theory of map projections. Mathematical cartography also take

This enhanced eBook version is equipped with videos and pop-up explanations to extend the reader's experience on essential cartographic design topics and to make the reading experience more enjoyable and more effective. The 16 videos placed throughout the text will demonstrate some highly complex map design issues to help understand and visualize the task at hand and show how to achieve the best results following the author's instructions. Pop-up explanations of selected concepts are also placed throughout the text to help readers refresh their knowledge and better understand the map design process. All chapters are richly illustrated with color and include practical exercises and questions.

Part ‘A’ : Fundamentals of Physical Geography Unit-1 : Geography as a Discipline 1.Geography as a Discipline, Unit-2 : The Earth 2.The Origin and Evolution of the Earth, 3. Interior of the Earth, 4. Distribution of Oceans and Continents, Unit-3 : Landforms 4.A..Minerals and Rocks, 5.Geomorphic Processes, 6. Landforms and their Evolution, Unit-4 : Climate 7.Composition and Structure of Atmosphere, 8. Solar Radiation, Heat Balance and Temperature, 9. Atmospheric Circulation and Weather System, 10. Water in the Atmosphere, 11. World Climate and Climate Change, Unit-5 : Water (Oceans) 12. Water (Oceans) and Salinity, 13. Movement of Ocean Water, Unit-6 : Life on the Earth 13.A Life on the Earth, 14. Biodiversity and Conservation, Part ‘B’ : India—Physical Environment Unit-1 : Introduction 1.India—Location, Unit-2 : Physiography 2.Structure and Physiography, 3. Drainage System, Unit-3 : Climate and Vegetation 4.Climate, 5. Natural Vegetation, 5.A Soils, Unit-4 : Natural Hazards and Disasters : Causes,Consequences and Management 6.Natural Hazards and Disasters, Part ‘C’ : Practical Work 1.Introduction to Maps, 2. Map Scale, 3. Latitude, Longitude and Time, 4. Map Projections, 5. Topographical Maps, 6. Introduction to Remote Sensing, 7.A Introduction of Aerial Photographs, 8.A Weather Instruments, Maps and Charts