The conversion of light hydrocarbons with solid catalysts is an important class of reactions in the chemical and energy industries. Our knowledge on the exceedingly complex reaction kinetics of these catalytic reactions, especially the inter-influence between the reactions on catalyst and those in the gas phase, lags behind the requirement of technology development to improve efficiency and reduce emissions.

Introduction to Chemical Reactor Analysis, Second Edition introduces the basic concepts of chemical reactor analysis and design, an important foundation for understanding chemical reactors, which play a central role in most industrial chemical plants. The scope of the second edition has been significantly enhanced and the content reorganized for improved pedagogical value, containing sufficient material to be used as a text for an undergraduate level two-term course. This edition also contains five new chapters on catalytic reaction engineering. Written so that newcomers to the field can easily progress through the topics, this text provides sufficient knowledge for readers to perform most of the common reaction engineering calculations required for a typical practicing engineer. The authors introduce kinetics, reactor types, and commonly used terms in the first chapter. Subsequent chapters cover a review of chemical engineering thermodynamics, mole balances in ideal reactors for three common reactor types, energy balances in ideal reactors, and chemical reaction kinetics. The text also presents an introduction to nonideal reactors, and explores kinetics and reactors in catalytic systems. The book assumes that readers have some knowledge of thermodynamics, numerical methods, heat transfer, and fluid flow. The authors include an appendix for numerical methods, which are essential to solving most realistic problems in chemical reaction engineering. They also provide numerous worked examples and additional problems in each chapter. Given the significant number of chemical engineers involved in chemical process plant operation at some point in their careers, this book offers essential training for interpreting chemical reactor performance and improving reactor operation. What’s New in This Edition: Five new chapters on catalytic reaction engineering, including various catalytic reactions and kinetics, transport processes, and experimental methods Expanded coverage of adsorption Additional worked problems Reorganized material

Studies of free radicals on surfaces are of interest for several reasons: the spontaneous or stimulated formation of radicals from adsorbed molecules may represent one possible mechanism for heterogeneous catalysis. In some cases the radicals are ionic, indicating that primary oxidation and reduction reactions occur. Radicals can also be used as probes to investigate diffusion processes on catalytic surfaces. The first direct observations were made more than 30 years ago, but detailed studies of structure, reactions and mobility have only recently become feasible with the advent of powerful spectroscopic techniques, to a great extent developed and used by the contributors to this volume. This comprehensive review describes new trends in the field. Leading experts write about the nature of surface active sites, methods to identify them, and the radicals formed from adsorbed molecules interacting with the surface. The emphasis is on the fundamentals covering thermal, photostimulated and radiation induced reactions as well as diffusion processes. This provides the necessary background for technological applications. This book will be useful to those who are interested in surface chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis as well as those who want to study reactive intermediates in chemical reactions. It is also of interest to scientists in photo and radiation physics and chemistry.

This book offers a unique perspective of the impact of scanning probe microscopies on our understanding of the chemistry of the surface at the nanoscale. Research oriented, with the concepts gleaned from Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy being related to the more established and accepted views in surface chemistry and catalysis the authors have addresses the question "How do the models based on classical spectroscopic and kinetic studies stand up to scrutiny at the atom - resolved level?". In taking this approach the reader, new to the field of surface chemistry, should be able to obtain a perspective on how the evidence from STM confirms or questions long standing tenets. An emphasis is given to "how did we get to where we are now" and a large number of figures from the literature are included along with suggestions for further reading. Topics discussed include: - the dynamics of oxygen chemisorption at metal surfaces - control of oxygen states and surface reconstruction - dissociative chemisorption of diatomic and hydrocarbon molecules - nanoparticles and chemical reactivity - STM at high pressures - structural studies of sulfur containing molecules and molecular templating This book will appeal to all those who wish to become familiar with the contribution Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy has made to the understanding of the field of surface chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis and also to those who are new to catalysis, a fascinating and important area of chemistry.

Surface-generated gas-phase radicals, which are the subject of this study, may function as important intermediates in several important partial and complete oxidation reactions. Two examples are the role of CH3 radicals in the oxidative coupling of CH4 and the role of OH radicals in the catalytic combustion of CH4. Although the gas phase chemistry of simple hydrocarbon radicals is reasonably well understood, very little is known about the reactions that occur between these radicals and metal oxide surfaces. Moreover, the formation of hydroxyl radicals over oxides is a largely unexplored area of catalysis. Recent work in the laboratory has been devoted to the reactions of methyl radicals with reactive metal oxides, and the production of hydroxyl radicals under rate limiting conditions. This paper describes reactions of CH3 radicals with metal oxides; catalytic conversion of CH3 radicals to CH3OH and HCHO; identification of surface-generated benzyl radicals; and formation of OH radicals under rate limiting conditions.

This second, extended and updated edition presents the current state of kinetics of chemical reactions, combining basic knowledge with results recently obtained at the frontier of science. Special attention is paid to the problem of the chemical reaction complexity with theoretical and methodological concepts illustrated throughout by numerous examples taken from heterogeneous catalysis combustion and enzyme processes. Of great interest to graduate students in both chemistry and chemical engineering.