In 'Sharing Territories', Cara Nine defends a river model of territorial rights. On a river model, groups are assumed to be interdependent and overlapping. Drawing on natural law philosophy, Nine's theory argues for the establishment of foundational territories around geographical areas like rivers.

Federal Ground depicts the haphazard and unplanned growth of federal authority in the Northwest and Southwest Territories, the first U.S. territories established under the new territorial system. The nation's foundational documents, particularly the Constitution and the Northwest Ordinance, placed these territories under sole federal jurisdiction and established federal officials to govern them. But, for all their paper authority, these officials rarely controlled events or dictated outcomes. In practice, power in these contested borderlands rested with the regions' pre-existing inhabitants-diverse Native peoples, French villagers, and Anglo-American settlers. These residents nonetheless turned to the new federal government to claim ownership, jurisdiction, protection, and federal money, seeking to obtain rights under federal law. Two areas of governance proved particularly central: contests over property, where plural sources of title created conflicting land claims, and struggles over the right to use violence, in which customary borderlands practice intersected with the federal government's effort to establish a monopoly on force. Over time, as federal officials improvised ad hoc, largely extrajudicial methods to arbitrate residents' claims, they slowly insinuated federal authority deeper into territorial life. This authority survived even after the former territories became Tennessee and Ohio: although these new states spoke a language of equal footing and autonomy, statehood actually offered former territorial citizens the most effective way yet to make claims on the federal government. The federal government, in short, still could not always prescribe the result in the territories, but it set the terms and language of debate-authority that became the foundation for later, more familiar and bureaucratic incarnations of federal power.

In Territories of Difference, Arturo Escobar, author of the widely debated book Encountering Development, analyzes the politics of difference enacted by specific place-based ethnic and environmental movements in the context of neoliberal globalization. His analysis is based on his many years of engagement with a group of Afro-Colombian activists of Colombia’s Pacific rainforest region, the Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN). Escobar offers a detailed ethnographic account of PCN’s visions, strategies, and practices, and he chronicles and analyzes the movement’s struggles for autonomy, territory, justice, and cultural recognition. Yet he also does much more. Consistently emphasizing the value of local activist knowledge for both understanding and social action and drawing on multiple strands of critical scholarship, Escobar proposes new ways for scholars and activists to examine and apprehend the momentous, complex processes engulfing regions such as the Colombian Pacific today. Escobar illuminates many interrelated dynamics, including the Colombian government’s policies of development and pluralism that created conditions for the emergence of black and indigenous social movements and those movements’ efforts to steer the region in particular directions. He examines attempts by capitalists to appropriate the rainforest and extract resources, by developers to set the region on the path of modernist progress, and by biologists and others to defend this incredibly rich biodiversity “hot-spot” from the most predatory activities of capitalists and developers. He also looks at the attempts of academics, activists, and intellectuals to understand all of these complicated processes. Territories of Difference is Escobar’s effort to think with Afro-Colombian intellectual-activists who aim to move beyond the limits of Eurocentric paradigms as they confront the ravages of neoliberal globalization and seek to defend their place-based cultures and territories.

How do we get students to "ache with caring" about their writing instead of mechanically stringing words together? We spend a lot of time teaching the craft of writing but we also need to devote time to helping students write with purpose and meaning. For decades, Georgia Heard has guided students into more authentic writing experiences by using heart maps to explore what we all hold inside: feelings, passions, vulnerabilities, and wonderings. In Heart Maps, Georgia shares 20 unique, multi-genre heart maps to help your students write from the heart, such as the First Time Heart Map, Family Quilt Heart Map, and People I Admire Heart Map. You'll also find extensive support for using heart maps, including: tips for getting started with heart maps writing ideas to jumpstart student writing in multiple genres from heart maps suggested mentor texts to provide additional inspiration. Filled with full-color student heart maps, examples of the resulting writing, along with online access to 20 different uniquely designed reproducible heart map templates, Heart Maps will be a practical tool for awakening new writing possibilities and engaging and motivating your students' writing throughout the year.

This volume constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the Second Workshop on Adaptive and Learning Agents, ALA 2009, held as part of the AAMAS 2009 conference in Budapest, Hungary, in May 2009. The 8 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. They cover a variety of themes: single and multi-agent reinforcement learning, the evolution and emergence of cooperation in agent systems, sensor networks and coordination in multi-resource job scheduling.

Fair and equitable benefit-sharing is a diffuse legal phenomenon in international law. The continued proliferation of benefit-sharing clauses can be explained by their appeal as an optimistic frame in addressing sustainability and equity concerns related to bio-based innovation, the use of natural resources, environmental protection, and knowledge creation. In principle, fair and equitable benefit-sharing serves to recognize, encourage, and incentivise sustainable human relationships with the environment by focusing on equity issues arising from the most intractable challenges of our time, such as loss of biodiversity, climate change, poverty, and global epidemics. Empirical evidence, however, indicates that, in practice, benefit-sharing rarely achieves its fairness and equity objectives, and ends up entrenching or worsening inequitable relationships with little to no benefit for the environment. Instead of focusing on fair and equitable benefit-sharing in sub-specialist areas of international law in isolation, Elisa Morgera assesses the phenomenon from a general international law perspective and through comparison-across international environmental law, international human rights law, international health law, and the law of the sea. Strengthened by insights from local-level case studies in different regions and sectors, this book looks toward overcoming the limitations inherent in individual international regimes and addressing the shortcomings in benefit-sharing implementation. Morgera's topical and comprehensive analysis reveals opportunities to advance fairness and equity in benefit-sharing through a mutually supportive interpretation of international biodiversity law and international human rights law, as well as opportunities to contribute to future research in areas such as international health law, international law on outer space, and international economic law. This is an open access title. It is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International licence. It is available to read and download as a PDF version on the Oxford Academic platform.

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României EURAU 2016 - In between scales - European Symposium on Research in Architecture and Urban Design : abstracts : Bucharest, September 28-30th, 2016 / ed.: conf. dr. arh. Andra Panait. - Bucureşti : Editura Universitară “Ion Mincu”, 2016 ISBN 978-606-638-140-6 I. European Symposium on Research in Architecture and Urban Design - EURAU 2016 (2016; Bucharest) II. Panait, Andra (ed.) 72(063) Graphic design: Andra Panait We acknowledge the help in preparing this volume to the following peoples: Beatrice-Gabriela JÖGER, Daniel COMŞA, Marina MIHĂILĂ, Mihaela ZAMFIR, Oana DIACONESCU, Anda SFINTEȘ, Daniel ARMENCIU, Cătălin CARAGEA, Delia PRISECARU, Ștefan MIHĂILESCU, Anca PĂSĂRIN. EURAU2016 conference and publications were held under the patronage of ANCSI (Autoritatea Naţională pentru Cercetare Ştiinţifică şi Inovare). introduction The eighth edition of the European Symposium on Research in Architecture and Urban Design will be held from the 28th to the 30th of September 2016 in Bucharest. The seminar will take place at the “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning from Bucharest in collaboration with the institutions that organized the previous editions: École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Marseille, on doctoral research (2004); École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture et Paysage de Lille, on large scale (2005); Association des Instituts Supérieurs Brussels-Liège-Mons (IESA), on cultural heritage (2006); Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, under the theme cultural landscape (2008); Facoltà di Architettura dell’Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, under the theme venustas (2010); Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto, on public space and contemporary city (2012); Faculty of Architecture of the Istanbul Technical University, on composite cities (2014). The project EURAU is constituted within a network of schools and researchers in Architecture and Urbanism, meeting every two years to share the status of their investigation. In the long-term, it is intended to lead to the creation of a physical meeting and deposit space with all the research undertaken and ongoing in Europe to facilitate the sharing of resources and deepening of knowledge in these scientific areas. The main concern of the EURAU is to establish itself as a place of debate and discussion of thematic disciplines of Architecture, City and Town Planning. The theme of EURAU 2016 is “In Between Scales.” Assoc.Prof. Beatrice-Gabriela JÖGER, Arch, PhD, UAUIM, Bucharest, Romania Committees Honor Committee Ministry of National Education and Scientific Research Ministry of Culture Emil Barbu Popescu – Honorary President of UAUIM Guillermo CISNEROS – Rector de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Luis Maldonado - Director de le Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Carlos Alberto Esteves Guimarães – President of Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto – FAUP Promoting Committee Farid AMEZIANE, National Superior School of Architecture of Marseille (ENSAM), Founder of EURAU Roberta AMIRANTE, University of Naples Federico II Joaquin IBAÑEZ MONTOYA, Madrid Polytechnic University Madalena PINTO DA SILVA, Porto University Javier SÁNCHEZ MERINA, Alicante University Gulsun SAĞLAMER, Former Rector, Istanbul Technical University Organizing Committee from Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest General Chair Zeno BOGDĂNESCU, Former UAUIM Rector Local arrange chair Beatrice-Gabriela JÖGER, Dean Faculty of Interior Architecture Daniel COMŞA, Head of International Relations Office Andra PANAIT, Visual Identity and Publications Coordinator Sections 1. Actions, permeability, reflexivity Chair: Prof. Augustin IOAN, Arch, PhD, UAUIM Assistant chair: Lecturer Oana DIACONESCU, Arch, PhD, UAUIM 2. Actors, processes, constraints Chair: Prof. Ana-Maria DABIJA, Arch, PhD, UAUIM Assistant chair: Research assist. Anda SFINTEȘ, Arch, PhD, UAUIM 3. Projects, methods, results Chair: Assoc.Prof. Françoise PAMFIL, Arch, PhD, UAUIM Assistant chair: Assoc.Prof. Iulius CRISTEA, Arch, PhD, UAUIM Assistant chair: Lecturer Mihaela ZAMFIR, Arch, PhD, UAUIM 4. Future challenges Chair: Assoc.Prof. Beatrice-Gabriela JÖGER, Arch, PhD, UAUIM Assistant chair: Lecturer Marina MIHĂILĂ, Arch, PhD, UAUIM Assistant chair: Assoc.Prof. Marius VOICA, Arch, PhD, UAUIM From Partner Institutions Meltem AKSOY, ITU Faculty of Architecture, Istanbul Ainhoa DIEZ DE PABLOS, ETSAM Carla GARRIDO, Faculty of Architecture, Porto University Manuel MONTENEGRO, Faculty of Architecture, Porto University Maria Luna NOBILE, University of Naples Federico II Maria José PIZARRO, ETSAM, Madrid Polytechnic University Conference secretariat at UAUIM Daniel ARMENCIU Scientific Committee Meltem AKSOY, Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture Farid AMEZIANE, National Superior School of Architecture of Marseille (ENSAM) Roberta AMIRANTE, University of Naples Federico II Ozan AVCI, Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture Francisco BARATA, Faculty of Architecture, Porto University Zeno BOGDĂNESCU, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Cosmin CACIUC, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Teresa CÁLIX, Faculty of Architecture, Porto University Rodrigo COELHO, Faculty of Architecture, Porto University Iulius CRISTEA, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Daniel COMŞA, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Ana-Maria DABIJA, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Pelin DURSUN, ITU Faculty of Architecture Codina DUŞOIU, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Cristina ENACHE, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Arzu ERDEM, Faculty of Architecture, Abdullah Gul University Fatma ERKÖK, ITU Faculty of Architecture Orfina FATIGATO, National Superior School of Architecture Paris Malaquais (ENSAPM) Tiberiu FLORESCU, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Ştefan GHENCIULESCU, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Celia GHYKA, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Ángel Benigno GONZÁLEZ AVILÉS, Alicante University Joaquin IBAÑEZ MONTOYA, Madrid Polytechnic University Augustin IOAN, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Beatrice-Gabriela JÖGER, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Nurbin Paker KAHVECIOGLU, ITU Faculty of Architecture Arda INCEOGLU, Faculty of Architecture, University of MEF Rafael GURIDI, Madrid Polytechnic University Prof. Marta OLIVEIRA, Porto University Zina MACRI, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Marius MARCU LAPADAT, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest José PARRA MARTÍNEZ, Alicante University Marina MIHĂILĂ, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Anca MITRACHE, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Marian MOICEANU, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Elodie NOURRIGAT, National Superior School of Architecture of Marseille (ENSAM) Françoise PAMFIL, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Andra PANAIT, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Gabriel PASCARIU, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Alexandru PETRIŞOR, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Madalena PINTO DA SILVA, Porto University Carmine PISCOPO, University of Naples Federico II Rui PÓVOAS, Porto University Monica RĂDULESCU, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Javier RUÍZ, Madrid Polytechnic University Claudiu RUNCEANU, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Javier SÁNCHEZ MERINA, Alicante University Gulsun SAĞLAMER, Former Rector, Istanbul Technical University Paola SCALA, University of Naples Federico II Federico SORIANO, Madrid Polytechnic University Jose María TORRES NADAL, Alicante University Marco TRISCIUOGLIO, Politecnico di Torino Fernando VELA COSSÍO, ETSAM, Madrid Polytechnic University Marius VOICA, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Ana Maria ZAHARIADE, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Mihaela ZAMFIR, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest