This volume features the complete text of all regular papers, posters, and summaries of symposia presented at the 14th annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

This volume contains essays on ellipsis -- the omission of understood words from a sentence -- and the closely related phenomena of gapping. This volume presents work by leading researchers on syntactic, semantic and computational aspects of ellipsis. The chapters bring together a variety oftheoretical perspectives and examine a range of cross-linguistic phenomena involving ellipsis in Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, and in English. This volume will be of interest to syntacticians, semanticists, computational linguists, and cognitive scientists.

It has been estimated that over a billion people are using or learning English as a second or foreign language, and the numbers are growing not only for English but for other languages as well. These language learners provide a burgeoning market for tools that help identify and correct learners' writing errors. Unfortunately, the errors targeted by typical commercial proofreading tools do not include those aspects of a second language that are hardest to learn. This volume describes the types of constructions English language learners find most difficult: constructions containing prepositions, articles, and collocations. It provides an overview of the automated approaches that have been developed to identify and correct these and other classes of learner errors in a number of languages. Error annotation and system evaluation are particularly important topics in grammatical error detection because there are no commonly accepted standards. Chapters in the book describe the options available to researchers, recommend best practices for reporting results, and present annotation and evaluation schemes. The final chapters explore recent innovative work that opens new directions for research. It is the authors' hope that this volume will continue to contribute to the growing interest in grammatical error detection by encouraging researchers to take a closer look at the field and its many challenging problems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Text, Speech, and Dialogue, TSD 2023, held in Pilsen, Czech Republic, during September 4–6, 2023. The 31 full papers presented together with the abstracts of 3 keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The conference attracts researchers not only from Central and Eastern Europe but also from other parts of the world. One of its goals has always been bringing together NLP researchers with various interests from different parts of the world and promoting their cooperation. One of the ambitions of the conference is, not only to deal with dialogue systems but also to improve dialogue among researchers in areas of NLP, i.e., among the “text” and the “speech” and the “dialogue” people.

The task of language engineering is to develop the technology for building computer systems which can perform useful linguistic tasks such as machine assisted translation, text retrieval, message classification and document summarisation. Such systems often require the use of a parser which can extract specific types of grammatical data from pre-defined classes of input text. There are many parsers already available for use in language engineering systems. However, many different linguistic formalisms and parsing algorithms are employed. Grammatical coverage varies, as does the nature of the syntactic information extracted. Direct comparison between systems is difficult because each is likely to have been evaluated using different test criteria. In this volume, eight different parsers are applied to the same task, that of analysing a set of sentences derived from software instruction manuals. Each parser is presented in a separate chapter. Evaluation of performance is carried out using a standard set of criteria with the results being presented in a set of tables which have the same format for each system. Three additional chapters provide further analysis of the results as well as discussing possible approaches to the standardisation of parse tree data. Five parse trees are provided for each system in an appendix, allowing further direct comparison between systems by the reader. The book will be of interest to students, researchers and practitioners in the areas of computational linguistics, computer science, information retrieval, language engineering, linguistics and machine assisted translation.